The process of digestion

Wart also learned from his experiences as a snake that snakes weren't deaf at all, they can still hear using one/ two ear(s). Wart then met a serpent named T. Natural, a patient and gentle serpent who taught Wart about snakes, history, and legends. T first told Wart about his education being neglected as a snake and how he can't distinguish a T. Natural. Wart was then told about the reptile's history, including the two families Totalitarians manias and the Curator's incisors.The Atlanta family had very huge descendants, while the Cerate family was about 17 feet long, but razor sharp teeth that were giant. The serpent T told Wart about these two families and how they constantly battled and flee from each other. T then told Wart about how the python lost its venom. The python released his venom in fury after he saw that he transported humans to the 7th heaven. The poison then fell onto trees, water snakes, frogs, and cobras. In order to prevent chaos, the leader Aunt E told the venomou s animals to use their poison in self defense.The frog and water snake did not agree, so they lost their poison due to water. Wart learned many things from his experience as a snake talking to other snakes. Annotations: 1. In chapter 15, why was Sir Sector so upset that the King sent hunters to kill boars in the forest? Sir Sector argued that he wanted to instead hunt down the boars with his own team and hounds and supply the king. This is unreasonable because the hounds or hunters can be killed in a boar hunt, so Sir Sector should be grateful that he King is sending his own men and dogs to hunt.I think the only reason Sir Sector is angry is because he has to supply and nourish the hunters and their dogs until the goal Is achieved. 2. On the bottom of page 194, what Is the song that is being sung? I don't know how to Interpret this as a song except for the rhyming such as puddle and fuddle. There are many slash marks and weird words such as, â€Å"E could ‘rent alp It,' e AD to. This is too confusing and I have no idea to what it may be. 3. On page 185,

Working Capital Management of Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh

Working capital management of Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Limited (HCBL) Executive Summary: In this report we have presented the overall working capital management of Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Limited (HCBL). We have gather maximum information from the annual reports and by taking interview of Board of Director, M. Abul Hashem; Company Secretary. In this report we have tried to match the terms and conditions that we learned in FIN340 with HCBL’s working capital management. We have done financial analysis and gave recommendation.Company Overview: Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh is one the largest producers of quality cement in Bangladesh. Heidelberg Cement Group from Germany, one of the world’s leaders in construction and building material with operations in more than 50 countries, owns 61% shares of the company. In 1998 Heidelberg Cement Group established its presence in Bangladesh by setting up a floating terminal with on board bagging facilities in the port of Chitta gong and by distributing the cement to the key markets of Dhaka and Chittagong.In 1999 the group further strengthened its position in Bangladesh and built a greenfield manufacturing plant near Dhaka namely â€Å"Scancement International Limited† with an installed capacity of 0. 750 million tons per year. In 2000 Heidelberg Cement group also bought a minority position in Chittagong based company namely â€Å"Chittagong Cement Clinker Griding Co. Limited (CCCGCL)† quickly followed by the acquisition of a in controlling stake. The plant in Chittagong has an installed capacity of 0. 7 million ton per year. In 2003, the two companies were amalgamated and the company’s name was changed to Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Limited.Corporate Mission: The Corporate Image : Building worldwide growth by building a better world. Business Culture : Building on local responsibility for international success Employee Policy : Building our business on the knowledge of our people Mar ket Strategy : Building our growth on a solid base of earnings Customer Philosophy : Building customer satisfaction Quality Standard : Building on quality products to build reputation Commitment to Innovation : Building on new technologies determines our future successBrief History Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Limited meets 13% of the Bangladesh demand for cement from two plants located at Dhaka & Chittagong. Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Limited employs 260 people across the country. The company with 1. 5 million tones annual cement production has become a major force in the Bangladesh Cement industry over the last eight years. In Bangladesh, Heidelberg group is one of the largest foreign investors having an investment of 100 million US$ with more than 260 employees working round the clock to materialize the mission of this great global company.By satisfying the needs and aspirations of its customers, employees, shareholders and the wider community, the company is able to maintain i ts position of strength as a sustainable cement provider without compromising commitment to long term stability and environmental responsibility. Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Limited is a sister concern of Heidelberg Cement Group. Environmental Policy Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Limited Protection of the environment is an integral part of Heidelberg Cement Group’s strategy. As natural resources are the basis of cement, measures for sustainable environmental care are adopted in all our operations.In Bangladesh, our policy is to produce high quality cement, optimize operations to save on natural resources and prevent pollution in order to create a cleaner and safer environment. Products & Innovation Portland Composite Cement (PCC) As part of its relentless pursuit for innovation and constant drive to improve quality, HeidelbergCement has introduced Portland Composite Cement (PCC) during 2003. Absorbing European Norms in cement producing made HeidelbergCement Bangladesh Ltd. th e pioneer in this sector. Now-a-days all the cement factories of Bangladesh are producing cement as per European Norm.The category Portland Composite Cement (CEM II) is the market leader in Europe. Cement produced according to the BDS EN ScanCement and RubyCement are designed to achieve the best characteristics for its customers; this result is achieved by design using clinker and high quality other constituents. PCC has the optimum of: Durability, Long-term strength and workability. ScanCement and RubyCement are produced according to the European norms BDS EN 197-1:2003. Characteristics of ScanCement / RubyCement: Higher Strength ScanCement and RubyCement have higher long-term strength than a standard Portland Cement (OPC).The slag part in the design contributes that the gap in long-term strength with OPC is widening as time progresses. Higher Durability The design of ScanCement and RubyCement increases the density of concrete (lower permeability). Smaller voids are the effect of t he reaction between the clinker and the slag. This density contributes to the durability and lifetime of the construction. Better Workability To improve the quality of plaster and masonry work Limestone is added to the design of ScanCement and RubyCement. This improves strongly the workability of the concrete. Plastering will look smoother, better and more beautiful.The concrete is easier to use. Other Improvements On top of the above-mentioned improvements ScanCement and RubyCement reduces thermal cracking. Due to the slag in the design less heat is generated which reduces the risk of thermal cracks. Furthermore our brands use less water to achieve the required workability. This contributes to the strength and quality of the construction. Daily Cash Inflow and Cash Outflow: Here we have presented the daily cash inflow and outflow of HCBL. 200820072006 Cash received from customers6,332,191,0005,573,231,0004,963,425,000 Cash received from other operating income84,205,00049,963,00014, 630,000Cash Inflow throughout the year6,416,396,000. 00 5,623,194,000. 00 4,978,055,000. 00 Daily Cash Inflow17,579,167. 12 15,406,010. 96 13,638,506. 85 200820072006 Payment for financial expense(68,293,000)(55,096,000)(96,760,000) Income tax paid(206,802,000)(96,947,000)(35,495,000) Cash paid to suppliers(5,480,284,000)(3,835,873,000)(3,334,740,000) Cash paid for operating expenses(628,326,000)(507,571,000)(501,761,000) Cash outflow through out the year(6,383,702,992. 00)(4,495,484,993. 00)(3,968,753,994. 00) Daily Cash outflow(17,489,597. 24)(12,316,397. 24)(10,873,298. 1) Net Daily Cash Inflow89,569. 883,089,613. 722,765,208. 24 Cash inflows and outflows are not perfectly synchronized. Here we have net cash inflows in 3 years; it shows that HCBL had sufficient money supply to finance its operation efficiently. Changes in Short Term Loan Account: The HCBL don’t have any marketable securities account in balance sheet. In 2006 the company has a short term loan of 467884000 a nd in 2007 & 2008 the company has short term loans of 654441000 & 829715000. From 2006 to 2007 there is an increase in Short term loan account of tk. 186557000.And from 2007 to 2008 the short term loan has increase by Tk. 175274000. Over the period the short term loan has increased over the period. The loans were mainly taken from their sister concern Meghna Energy Limited. Seasonality impact in Cash Inflow and Cash Outflow: Seasonality Variations in Cash flows from sales: Highest sales: We have come to know from our interview that there is seasonality is present in Heidelberg cement. Their peak in sales and variation in cash flow is approximately quarterly basis. It has peak of the sales during January to March. In this time they have to maintain large inventory.At these time their sales increase, as a result gross profit and revenue increase and cash inflow also increases in this 1st quarter. They have also good sales from October to April. Normal cash inflow comes during this tim e. From May to September their sales usually decrease because of rainy season. Cash Outflow: When sales increase marketing and transportation expenses increase. As a result, cash outflow increases at this time. As raw materials are mainly imported from there inter company trade that’s why they don’t have to pay immediately a huge money when they import RM. They get a flexible credit term.Geographical Spread and Customers: Heidelberg Cement has divided their business in 6 divisions in Bangladesh. They have two main branches in Dhaka and Chittagong. They have also sales agents in other four divisions. But most of the sales generate from Dhaka and Chittagong divisions. Then Sylhet and sales in other 3 divisions are approximately same. They do not have any physical export of goods. If they sell goods to EPZ area and if they get paid in dollars, this is termed as export. The over all market share of Heidelberg Cement is 13%. The industry saturated. Still they have chance to gather more market share in the industry.They are facing some restriction because they are multinational company. They have 3 types of customers: 1. Dealers 2. Corporate customers (e. g. developers, contractors) 3. Government projects (e. g. Mohakhali Flyover, Lalon Shah Bridge, Karnafuli Bridge, Banani Bridge) Except these they have also very few retailers who are very close to them. But usually they do not deal with retailers. Collection Procedure: Checks/pay order: Most of the time, they receive payments through checks. They also receive payments by pay order which is very limited. Generally, they do not allow any other ways of payments.They don’t have any cash transaction. Collection Points , Concentration Banks, Deposit banks, Lock Box: There are collection points. The customers pay through the local branches of Dhaka Bank, Dutch Bangla Bank and Marcentile Bank. These banks work as collection points. As these local banks have lots of branches in Bangladesh it helps a lo t in collection process. Through the online banking system the money from these local Banks are easily accessible from the principal branch. Then Heidelberg cement collects money from these banks and deposited in the Standard Charted Bank and Citi N.A bank. 95% of collected money is deposited in Standard Charted Bank and rest of the 5% is deposited in City N. A. bank are. Here Standard Charted Bank and Citi N. A. bank are used as concentration banks. They transfer the money from the collection bank at the end of the month whether the money is collected at 1st week of the month. Because they have ample money in hand they are lazy to transfer the money at concentration banks. But they are very efficient in collecting the money from customers in due date. Because of having no lockbox system in Bangladesh, they do not use lockbox system.As there group policy they have restriction on depositing money in local banks. The local banks are usually responsible for collecting payments. Cost: I n standard chartered and Citi N. A the service charge is little higher than the service charge taken by other banks. Banks are responsible for disbursing payments, handling LC, payment of salary etc. There is very low risk, because they follow some strict laws like: †¢They do not give dealership without bank guarantee. †¢They follow conservative credit policy. †¢They encourage cash sales. On an average their credit term is of 18-20 days.In government projects their credit term is usually flexible. Cash Disbursement Procedure: Suppliers: There are mainly two groups who receive money from the Heidelberg cement. One is the Raw material suppliers and then another is the suppliers of different utilities. The raw material suppliers are mainly the subsidiary of Heidelberg Group. Generally they take raw materials from Indo Cement; Indonesia, Heidelberg Cement; India and Heidelberg Cement; Japan. Payment Methods, Disbursement Banks: They are mainly importing raw materials. So they pay through LC. They do not have any cash payments.They pay through Standard Charted Bank. The Standard Charted Bank works as disbursement bank and processes all the formalities. Sometimes Citi N. A also works as a disbursement bank. Authorization: They follow centralized Disbursement policy. All checks are signed in the Head quarter. Payments are made through mainly finance department. If the payment is less than $6 million, it needs the joint signature of head of finance department and in group B consist of three directors from them any one have to sign. But if payments exceed $6 million it needs joint signature of finance department and Manager Director.Float: Although directly they do not take the help of floating, sometimes they try to write check on Wednesday/Thursday. As a result, payments can not be transferred to suppliers Banks before Sunday. In directly they are taking the advantage of inefficient banking system in Bangladesh. Credit Policy: Normally they have a cons ervative credit policy. They are not willing to flexible their credit policies to increase their sales & revenue. They cannot provide smooth credit policy, because as a MNC they cannot collect payments by pressure. Also they have to maintain some Government rules and regulations.They usually emphasize on quality, as a result they maintain premium price. They have to go by the law. That’s why they are not investing that much in A/R. They are not willing to increase the risk. When collecting payments, they give two warnings after exceeding the credit limit. If they fail to collect payment despite these, then they realize the bank guarantee. They provide up to 60 => days of credit limit to Government Projects, 30 days to corporate customers. But they maintain more strict credit policy to the dealers, because of reliability. They give credit to the dealers only if they can give bank guarantee.Only to the renowned developer’s they sale on credit. They have credit term on av erage of 18-20 days. Working Capital Needs: They are very efficient in cash management. That is why they have enough cash to finance working capital. Also they have huge idle money. They cannot deposit all portions of money in banks. As a result, they finance the working capital requirements by internal sources. Sometimes they also take loan from the subsidiaries of Heidelberg group. They took loan from Meghna Energy Limited which is the subsidiary of Heidelberg group too. But at resent (2009-2010) they are not taking any short term loan. As they are multinational company they can not remit money in parent company without the help of dividends. So every year they are having huge retained earnings in their account. With that money they are financing their short term needs. Also with the help of high tech softwares they had become more efficient in managing the business. They are remitting money as technical know how fees which is 3% of prior years net sales. Heidelberg group helps a lot to their subsidiary in terms of technology, experience etc.As they are more capable of internal financing in 2008 they don’t have any long-term loans. Collection Method (#9): HCBL has some Paper information flow attached to invoice. This attachment contains the Order size, order no, time of delivery and the date of payment. The payment is made to the Collection Bank and the dealers get the receipt from the bank. Because the checks are account payee checks, so they can easily track which customer paid the payment. The company by the time get knows about the payment by ERP software which is connected with Banks.The bank process the payment system and it takes a little time for the company to get notified and deposited because all party are connected through ERP software. Bank processing fees are the cost involved in this Process. If the payment is not made by the dealers they realized the bank guarantee after giving two warnings. Basically Credit policy for Government proje cts are flexible than the usual customers. Electronic Method for Managing HCBL: ERP: Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Ltd. (HCBL) use an Enterprise application software named Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP) which has a market price of almost Tk. 0,000,000-Tk. 30,000,000 (2-3 crore TK. ). They have got this software in one sense free initially. But they are paying off these fees as â€Å"technical r knowhow fees† in every year which is 3% of prior years net sal . This software Provide a single information system for organization-wide coordination and integration of key business processes. This is a competitive advantage for Heidelberg cement. ERP connects all key business process (e. g. – manufacturing and production, accounting and finance, human resources, sales and marketing) and connects the suppliers & Dealers together in a single place.By this all department can share information which helps business increase efficiency or evaluates their output. 1. ERP also enables to Ordering equipment, preparing inventory, sending them to sites, activating them followed by routine maintenance is a chain of daunting tasks. If there is a missing link in this extremely complex process, they will be out of business in the fiercely competitive market. Earlier it took nearly thirty minutes to generate a purchase order but now it takes a few seconds. The entire process is flawless and tamperproof as a robust computer controls it centrally.Heidelberg Cement has deployed two such servers in different locations to ensure that one takes over in case the other computer fails. They can track every employee’s output and assess them accordingly. It perfects the evaluation process of the company’s human capital. By using ERP, Efficiency of Heidelberg’s employees increased 99 percent. ERP maximize profit and minimize costs, while providing superior service to its customers. Advantages of ERP: †¢ERP is software which integrates all functionalities o f the organization in a single database.It streamlines all the business processes and gives desired result on a click of a button. †¢ERP software incorporates a large amount of industry specific business functionalities which will ensure less customization or sometime no customization (except reports) to make the package suitable to your business operations. †¢Most important advantage of ERP software is integration of all the business solution in a single platform, which reduces unnecessary paper work, documentation, repeated entry, cycle time etc. The software also comes with its framework of upgrades to changing technologies. In the ERP software business functionalities and operating processes are built into standard software codes, thus it require lesser time to understand process related issue of implementation and gives industry specific best practices. †¢ERP can be useful is order tracking. When a company receives orders for a product, being able to properly tra ck the orders can allow the company to get detailed information on their customers and marketing strategies. If different software packages are being used, this data may not be consistent. †¢ERP software automates the business processes and also forces its own logic (industry specific) on the business. Accounting applications is another advantage of ERP. It can integrate the costing, profit, and revenue information of sales that are made etc. Other Advantages : †¢Speeding up the whole manufacturing process †¢Better and systematic inventory handling with ABC analysis †¢WIP (work in progress) control †¢Easy project management †¢Accessing the status of the goods on a click of a button †¢Fast transmit commodities through online transactions †¢Fastens the creation of reports †¢Reduce paper works and repeated entry †¢Quick processing of information †¢Serving the customer efficiently in time †¢Solve the customer problem quickly In formation based decision †¢Better finance reports †¢Better supply chain management †¢Better vendor management †¢Reduce process cycle time Disadvantages of ERP: †¢Perhaps one of the biggest disadvantages to this technology is the cost. As the company is an MNC they get this software for free. They are paying off this cost as â€Å"Technical Knowhow Fees† throughout the years. †¢Expert needed to run the ERP system. The employees must be continually trained on how to use it, and it is also important for companies to make sure the integrity of the data is protected. The success of the system is fully dependent on how the workers utilize it. Even if a company has enough money to implement ERP, they may not be able to successfully use it if they do not have enough money to train their workers on the process of using it. †¢One of the biggest problems with ERP is that it is hard to customize. Very few companies can effectively use ERP right out of t he box. It must be modified to suit their needs, and this process can be both expensive and tedious. †¢Most ERP vendors will not allow the structure of the software to be altered. ERP vendors may charge additional license fees, putting a strain on companies that do not have enough resources to pay for them.The technical support of ERP departments has been questioned, and a number of problems could arise due to security, since corporate representatives must give sensitive information to the tech support department. ERP inventory management: ERP inventory management handles everything from ordering, physical inventory count, scheduling, shipping, receiving, purchasing, and supply chain planning. Changes in inventory are automatically updated. It no longer takes hours (sometimes up to 24) before the changes are recorded. This helps inventory management employees of HCBL to be able to see if an item is currently in stock.Faster service means better customer service. HCBL ERP manage ment uses bar codes to keep up with inventory items. This makes tracking stock much easier. As the bar-coded items leave inventory, they get scanned and their product information is entered into the ERP inventory management system. Placing bar code labels on stock helps HCBL save money because it keeps the list of stock updated. Employees can easily see when certain quantities are low and need to be re-stocked. Customer service also benefits from this because businesses and customers can see what products are immediately available.Advantages : ERP inventory management has many advantages. The main advantage for a company is that the ERP system is company-wide and involves only one software system. Some other advantages include: †¢Proper communication between different areas. †¢Tracking of orders from the time the order was received to its delivery. †¢Keeping up with the revenue cycle from when the invoice is issue through when the payment is received. †¢Provides a ‘top down’ overview of the workings of a company. †¢Reduces the risk of loss of information †¢Sets up a form of security to protect against theft from outside or within a company.Disadvantages : Despite the advantages HCBL receive from using ERP inventory management, there are also some problems with it. Most of these disadvantages stem from inadequately trained employees as well as compromised data. But there are other concerns that can arise from this type of system. †¢Reformatting a business to make it more compatible with an ERP system and thus conform it to industry standards may cause a loss of advantage over the competition. †¢By creating a company-wide system that connects all areas, it makes it hard to figure out accountability. Problems that may arise in one area could mistakenly be blamed on a different area. Not all departments in a company are willing to share information. This withholding of sensitive data can interrupt the workflow. †¢ERP inventory management systems may to too complex for the needs of a company. Cash Flow Timeline: Here we have showed the cash flow timeline of HCBL of 2006,2007,2008 Financial Analysis: Financial analysis of Heidelberg Cement Ltd. Liquidity Ratio200620072008 NWC to assets-0. 050. 010. 11 current ratio0. 871. 031. 27 quick ratio0. 480. 710. 66 cash ratio0. 060. 400. 32 interval measure851. 401637. 281499. 92 CCC-1. 26-17. 9936. 53 Days Inventory held57. 5256. 03103. 14 DSO37. 8037. 5635. 02 Operating Cycle95. 293. 59138. 16 DPO96. 59111. 57101. 63 NWC-208822000. 0064703000. 00638679000. 00 NLB46997000. 00800973000. 00768453000. 00 CLI27. 5639. 40 Efficiency Ratio Total asset turnover1. 211. 091. 08 NWC turnover-23. 9686. 889. 97 Inventory turnover6. 356. 513. 54 Day’s sales in inventory57. 5256. 03103. 14 AVG collection period37. 837. 5635. 02 Profitability ratio net profit margin0. 10. 110. 09 ROA0. 130. 120. 1 ROE0. 220. 220. 18 payout ratio0. 170. 230. 31 Market V alue Ratio price earning ratio6. 6810. 9511. 58 Earning per share96. 92110104. 86 From 2006 to 2007 their operating cycle decreased and DPO increased significantly.When their DPO was increasing it does not create any problem in relation with the suppliers. Because the suppliers are mainly the subsidiary of the hiedelberg group. So they got advantage in those years. And that is why the company’s CCC decreased in 2007. In 2006 and 2007 the company’s CCC were negative and it was -1. 26 and -17. 99 days respectively, that means the company doesn’t need any external financing. They were very efficient in managing the cash. So that without investing in Inventories and A/R they were efficiently running the operation. Although they had sufficient cash in their hand.From2007-2008 the company’s Operating cycle increased significantly and DPO decreased slightly. As a result in 2008 the company’s CCC increased to 36. 53 days. This increase was a result of a hi gh Days inventory Held (103. 14 days). In 2008 they brought a very high amount of inventory from their sister concern company from Indonesia named Indocement. so the company need financing from somewhere. They have sufficient amount of cash and from that liquid cash the company was financing their operation. They don’t need any external financing for that time lag. They mostly depend on internal financing.As they are subsidiary of Heidelberg group they get lots of facilities in many areas. This is their competitive advantage. By net liquid balance we can cover the working capital requirements. As past years shows that the company’s NLB is growing, so it is a good sign for the company to run its day to day business. For many years they were not facing any kind of liquidity problem. In 2007-2008 the CLI was increasing. And it is positive number. CLI represents the Cash against to cover it’s the current liabilities. The CLI for past year shows that the company has high CLI; this means the company has ample cash to cover its current debts.The company has a positive and a high amount of net working capital. This means some of Company’s Current assets were financed by the long term sources of fund. Here the company has not that much long term loan in 2006-2007 period compared to its short term loan and there were no long term loan in 2008, they paid off all of their long term loans in 2008. The Excess liquidity of the company was financing their day to day business. From the time period of 2006 to 2008 the company’s current ratio has improved over the period And the company’s quick ratio improved from 2006 to 2007.Total asset turnover, NWC turnover and inventory turnover is on average much better and Day’s sales in inventory is acceptable. Average collection period is lower which is a good indicator for the company. Therefore, the efficiency level of the company is really good. Profit margin, ROA and ROE tells that, t his is a dream company at cement sector. All these three ratios are high over the period. Payout ratio tells that the company does give regular dividend. For this company, P/E ratio is very much high compare to its industry. It has also a high EPS.Overall, the company has a good market book ratios and it indicates that investors are very much interested to invest to this firm. It is the highest valued share than any other company in the cement industry. We take sales growth rate as the growth rate. Company’s growth rate, 13% is much lowers the industry growth rate, 47. 84%. It proves that other companies are capturing the growing market. Free cash flow of the company is getting higher and higher day by day, so they have enough free cash to invest and meeting current liability. HCBL’s cash flow from operation is also impressive.Problems and Recommendation: This problems and recommendations are based on the statements of year ended 2006, 2007 and 2008. At present 2009 th ey have done some improvements. Too much idle cash : They have too much idle cash because of their efficiency and working capital management, conservative collection procedure and mainly they are remitting less money in parent company through dividends. They were keeping lots of retained earnings in Bangladesh and not investing in new project. Also in 2008 they had decrease in net cash flow but because of opening balance in cash the closing balance showed a huge number.This proves that they had huge idle cash. The analysis will show the more clear picture. 200620072008Average Net cash (decrease) / increase during th eyear71,339,000759,976,000(82,749,000) Opening Balance19,888,00091,227,000851,203,000 Closing Balance91,227,000851,203,000768,454,000 Number of shares5,381,2955,650,3605,650,360 EPS97110105 TOTAL CASH AVAILABLE PER SHARE16. 95150. 65136. 00 Cash Dividend per share162533 Average Net Cash Remain After Dividend per share0. 95125. 65103. 0077 Cash Remain After Dividend512627 6709944000581992120432354132 Net cash remain per share after EPS81857279 Cash remain after EPS435884914. 480280600406825920440997145 This analysis clearly shows that on an average this company retained 77 taka per share per year in this 3 years. On an average they have sufficient cash per year 432354132 Taka. They should invest this huge idle fund in any value added project or if there is no any scope they can remit this money by giving more cash dividends. By giving cash dividend more they can add more value to their parent company. In 2010 they have declared that they are using their own fund of Tk. 1260 million to expand their production by double in chittagong factory. Aggressive Marketing and Market share :The market is saturated and still HCBL has chance to increase their market share. Because local cement companies are growing day by day because of low pricing. HCBL stands on high quality and price leadership. They can do more aggressive marketing to increase their sales and increase market share. Conservative Credit Policy : HCBL’s credit policy is not very flexible. They don’t encourage credit sales to increase their sales. They don’t want to increase the risk of credit. As they are MNC and face legal bindings in collecting if customers don’t pay. They have huge idle fund to finance their A/R but they are not doing this.In this saturated market they have the scope to increase sales but they are not attempting for it. They are not willing to take risk. But in business you have to take risk and HIGH RISK means HIGH CHANCE OF RETURN. They should make more flexible credit policy to increase their sales and to gain more market share. By increasing sales they can also remit more money by â€Å"Tech know how fee† Other Recommendations: †¢They can give more focus on Ruby cement. They are giving mainly focus on Scan cement. †¢They can do more CSR activities as they have ample money. This CSR activities will increase their goodwill. They can train more their maximum employees to operate the ERP software to smoothing the process more. †¢They can give all the employees the option of PROFIT SHARING this will motivate the employees to work hard. Secrecy of Price Sensitive Information: When we took the interview at April 12, 2010 from one of their employees we came to know that their EPS of 2009 is Tk. 151. 00 and cash dividend would be 38%. Although board meeting held at April 13, 2010 and the price sensitive information published in DSE website at April 15, 2010. If the employees declared this kind of information before Board meeting it’s illegal and unethical.The employees should not publish price sensitive information privately before it published publicly. Why Not Recommendation About High Inventory In 2008 : In normal view one will recommend at 2008 that why they stocked huge inventory and which in turn cost them less CFFO and net decrease in cash . They had huge idle balance thatà ¢â‚¬â„¢s why they stocked inventory. But the real reason is opened at 2010. Cement industry was in recession in 2008. Also Heidelberg Group faced Recession in 2008. But HCBL did not face any recession in 2008. where in this industry other firms showed a huge decrease in EPS.But they maintained EPS of 105, which is extraordinary. They import RM from their sister concern at a cheap rate. That’s why they maintained a high EPS . The Cement industry at 2008 perfectly anticipated that the price of RM will go up in 2009. that’s why many company stocked inventory in 2008 also HCBL did this. We can prove our argument by that in 2009 most cement producers EPS has increased by almost 400% and HCBL’s EPS also increased in 2009. In this saturated market wvery company can not make huge profit than previous year only by selling more cement. This EPS also the result of stocked inventory in 2008.That’s why we did not recommend to reduce inventory in 2008. Conclusion: HCBL is doing well in working capital management but they have huge idle money that’s why they are not giving that much of emphasis in managing their capital more efficiently. As they are the subsidiary of Heidelberg group they maintain maximum modern policy of collecting and disbursing cash. They get many competitive advantages as Heidelberg group helps them a lot with technology. They mainly trade with their sister concerns. HCBL is the leading company in the cement industry. But they have to think about managing the idle money to add value to HCBL.

Blooming Trinity Essay Research Paper English 1302018October

Blooming Trinity Essay, Research Paper English 1302.018 October 11, 2000 Blooming Three In the verse form? When Lilacs Last In The Dooryard Bloom? vitamin D? , by Walt Whitman, three of import symbols are introduced. These symbols of a star, the lilac, and a bird exhibit Whitman? s transcendental philosophy and service as an allusion to Abraham Lincoln? s life and decease. Whitman? s poesy, through these symbols, opens a window to the predominating societal attitudes, moral beliefs, and cultural temperament of his clip through his allusions to President Lincoln. To understand Whitman? s poesy one must foremost cognize something about the poet himself. Walt Whitman was born on May 31, 1819 in Long Island New York. Whitman disliked the thought of going a carpenter like his male parent and opted to seek his ain luck. The publication of Leafs of Grass, Whitman? s major literary work, was a major turning point in Whitman? s life. ? Before, he was a instructor, pressman, journalist, carpenter, and more. After, no affair what else he did, he was a poet? ( Wiener 14 ) . Whitman? s strong resistance to slavery gave him jobs subsequently on as in life. Langston Hughes relates when he says? [ Whitman ] had been an editor of the Brooklyn Eagle, but was fired at that place in 1948, because he refused to back up Governor Cass of Michigan who advocated the continuance of bondage? ( Wiener 196 ) . Whitman greatly influenced many people of his clip period but besides was influenced by other authors. Russell Blankenship, a professor at the University of Washington, relates this fact when he says that Whitman was? influenced by the august American author and philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson? ( Wiener 106 ) . Emerson is normally known as a transcendentalist. A transcendentalist is a individual who is? idealistic and optimistic. They believed they could happen replies to whatever they were seeking. All they had to make was larn to read, through their intuition, the external symbols of nature and in terpret them into religious facts? ( Brulatour ) . Whitman? s transcendental philosophy is important in? When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom? vitamin D? because of the usage of three symbols that serve as an allusion to Abraham Lincoln? s life and decease. President Abraham Lincoln was one of our state? s greatest presidents. Lincoln? s low beginnings and rise to go arguably the most powerful individual in the United States are a great representation of the American thought that anyone can go anything he aspires to be. One of Lincoln? s major parts was his engagement in the Civil War. As commanding officer and head of the Union ground forces, Lincoln had the duty of working with the generals of the brotherhood ground forcess to get the better of the Confederate ground forcess. Lincoln, like Whitman, besides felt that bondage was an abomination and? on January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation that declared everlastingly free those slaves within the Confederacy. ? ( White House. ) After the Union ground forces won the war, President Lincoln was assassinated while watching a drama in Ford? s Theatre, Washington. The state? s bereavement was displayed as? a crowd of grievers gathered at each railroad station as the funeral train rolled westward toward the Illinois prairie, to Springfield, where Abraham Lincoln was buried. ? ( Groiler ) . Whitman? s verse form, ? When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom? vitamin D, ? efforts to demo the bereavement of a state every bit good as Whitman? s personal unhappiness. In the verse form? Where Lilacs Last In The Dooryard Bloom? vitamin D? the lilac has generated diverse readings. When I foremost read? Where Lilacs Last In The Dooryard Bloom? vitamin D? I thought of the lilacs as stand foring beauty and love, presumptively for the late president. Yet, with farther reading, I found that there are several other readings. Edwin Miller, a professor of English at New York University and recognized Whitman bookman, interprets the? branchlet as the season O f metempsychosis, the sense of odor ( The? get the hanging olfactory property? ) , twenty-four hours and physical life, love as the recollection of decease ( the lilac as a flowered testimonial on the casket ) ? ( Miller 187 ) . Another reading, by Kenneth Burke, writer of? Policy Made Personal: Whitman? s Verse and Prose? Salient Traits? , provinces? . . . the broken? branchlet? of lilac as the star? dropt in the dark? ; the? aroma strong? of the lilacs? in the dooryard looking an old farm-house, ? the olfactory property of the? corsages? placed upon the coffin, ? ( Miller 188 ) . Both readings by Burke and by Miller indicate that the lilac is most likely representative of the flowers placed on the coffin at Lincoln? s decease. Through the usage of the lilac in the verse form we come to understand that it is a realistic symbol with deeper significance. Whitman? s transcendental philosophy shows itself in the verse form by the usage of the lilac as a representation to Lincoln? s dece ase. Another symbol in? Where Lilacs Last In The Dooryard Bloom? vitamin D? is a bird described as a? lone? , ? grey-brown? thrush. When I foremost read? Where Lilacs Last In The Dooryard Bloom? vitamin D, ? my readings of the bird included the possibility of Lincoln? s spirit, freedom, or even his idiosyncrasy. I thought of the thrush and Lincoln? s idiosyncrasy because Lincoln appeared as a lone person in the bulk of the images I have seen him in. I went back to my readings and found that in Miller? s reading? the bird has been associated with love, insight as cognition of decease, the? idea of mortality? and the poetic procedure itself ( the bird as the? brother? of the supporter ) ? ( Miller 187 ) . Burke takes another point of position when he relates that? the thrush besides has a complex symbolic intent: it is decease, love, poetic procedure, but more. Traditionally the bird is associated with the flight of the psyche after the decease of the organic structure? ( Miller 189 ) . I p articularly admired Burke? s input with the flight of the psyche. I concluded that the thrush in this verse form could be seen as a symbol of President Lincoln? s spirit or psyche and the? warbling vocal? of the thrush as either a bereavement vocal or possibly a vocal observing a great spirit. The last of the three symbols in? Where Lilacs Last In The Dooryard Bloom? vitamin D? is the star. The symbol of the? Western Star? is evidently a direct relation to President Lincoln since Lincoln was from Illinois, which was a western province at that clip. I besides thought of the star as something that was lighting, olympian, or possibly a mention to the American flag. Miller? s reading was that the star? has elicited greater understanding because of its obvious association with the President? s decease, although the symbol has been extended to included decease itself or the Western construct of decease? ( Miller 187 ) . After reading this reading, I besides thought that the star could be a representation of the rhythm of life. The forenoon: relating to birth and childhood ; the twenty-four hours: relating to maturity and old age ; and the starry dark: decease and liquors. Burke states that? the? drooping? star, the broken? branchlet? of lilac, and the supporter? s psyche before the blackwash which? sank? as the star? dropt in the dark? ( Miller 189 ) . The psyche of President Lincoln was non the lone thing that? sank? , both the state? s and Whitman? s lesson were besides unfavourably affected by decease of the President. In? When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom? vitamin D? Whitman speaks of a? three? . The three is normally recognized as a symbol of the Father, Son, and the Holy Ghost but in? When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom? vitamin D? the three is one symbol stand foring three more. The symbols of the lilac, the thrush, and the star come together into one three to demo Whitman? s transcendental philosophy and service as an allusion to Abraham Lincoln? s life and decease. 370 Brulatour, Meg. What is American Transcendentalism? 1 Oct. 2000

Culture Analysis and Its Application in Business in Mexico Essay

Culture Analysis and Its Application in Business in Mexico - Essay Example There are varied elements of culture which differentiates it from one another. Thus, culture envelopes each individual and tends to deal with every aspect of an individual life (Storey, 2006). This is basically due to the fact that culture is an organized approach rather than a random happening. Thus, it can be inferred that the individual recognitions, identifications, assumptions, assessments and considerations are anticipated from cultural beliefs and norms. Hence, it can be affirmed from the above discussion that culture is ‘adaptive’ but it comprises of certain facts which might be ‘maladaptive’. Thus, the way of interaction of individuals differs from one another along with the style and emotional terminologies (Kuper, 2000). According to Hofstede (n.d.), culture is defined as the phenomenon consisting of certain core values which facilitate in shaping the personality traits of an individual. Thus, culture is one of the integral parts of a human being which helps to shape the values and behaviors of an individual in a specific group. Therefore, it can be stated that it is the culture, which differentiates one individual from another. Besides, the culture of an individual constantly changes with the alteration of places and situations (Hofstede, n.d.). In addition, there are varied elements which influence individual culture namely languages, norms, values, religions, beliefs, cultural assimilations and social collectiveness among others. Language is also one of the significant elements of culture. Language is a set of signs or symbols which is used regarding communication with one another. It helps to recognize or label varied equipments or things in the world,...Mexico is an ancient county situated in North America sharing its border with United States of America. With regards to its culture, Mexico has altered in a rapid pace during the 20th centuries. One of the major reasons for this alteration can be regarded as the migratio n trends linking Mexico with US that in turn influence the cultural patterns of both the nations. Thus, the culture of Mexico is highly affected by the trends of its neighboring nations. The number of foreign-born populace of Mexico amplified from 0.8 million in the year 1970 to 2.2 million in the year 1980 and about 4.3 million in 1990. Finally, it amounted to about 7.0 million in the year 1997. Hence, it can be said that the culture of Mexico is highly influenced by the culture of US. The existing life style of this country became widely alike to that of the countries from which it witnesses highest rate of migration such as US and England. However, most Mexican villagers are yet observed to pursue the older way of living in order to maintain the preliminary culture. Besides, the culture which prevails in the cities of Mexico is rather different as it strongly influenced by the neighborhood ethnicities which in itself is a versatile phenomenon. This is due to the fact that large number of inhabitants entered the city of Mexico from other neighboring countries. As a result, currently there exist varied subdivisions within the nation of Mexico. The cultural environment in Mexico also includes differences in terms of fooding habits, social issues, languages, arts, social lifestyles, educational outlooks, cultural histories, clothing behaviors, religions and customs among others (Center for International Rehabilitation Research Information and Exchange).

Critique of the Fresh Fruit and Vegetables Range available to Essay

Critique of the Fresh Fruit and Vegetables Range available to Customers at Tesco - Essay Example Executive Summary Tesco is the largest food retailer in UK, operating more than 2,318 stores worldwide and around 1,878 stores all over the UK. Tesco also runs stores in the rest of Europe and Asia (Dinkhoff, 2009, page 5). Tesco.com offers full online service to customers. The company also offers a series of online and offline personal finance services. Headquartered in Hertfordshire, UK the company operates groceries, bakeries, food and drinks stores, health and beauty services, home and entertainment as well as pets and household services. Tesco has stores in 14 countries spread across Europe, Asia and North America and employs 492,714 people (Theuvsen, 2007, page 69). SWOT Analysis of Fruit and Vegetables Available at Tesco Strengths The company provides a Wide product range including fresh fruits, vegetables, frozen food, juices, nectars, and processed food. It also has a Strong brand name, efficient supply chain management and efficient use of technology in processing and const ant innovation. Tesco offers their customers the convenient option of online shopping through their user-friendly website. This makes it easy for customers to find the appropriate items they are seeking. The customers can view products on website, place orders and make an appointment for delivery (Dogra, 2010, page 20). The business has secured a strong commercial standing within the global marketplace after being awarded Retailer of the Year 2008 at the "World Retail Awards†. TESCO groceries strengths also include posted sales gain of 13% for UK markets and 26% growth in global markets despite retail sales continuing to show a declining or level performance (Palmer, 2012, page 4). Weakness Fruits and vegetables are easily perishable products, which without a reliable marketing strategy cad lead to immense losses (Da Silva, 2009, page 63). The stores chains weaknesses include non-essential, high ticket price items that will bear the rising cost of living and lower incomes (Tis chner, 2009, page 189). Tesco's Finance profit levels were affected by credit card arrears, bad debt, and household insurance claims. The Grocer outlets are not grouped to work as specialist retailers in particular areas of product, which other tailored retailers can capitalize (Faruq, 2007, page43). The Company’s position as a price leader in UK markets may lead to lower profit margins to obtain the substantial  price points. Another weakness lies in reliance on UK market (Pride, 2012, page 33). Opportunities Using the latest technology, Tesco can easily save time and obtain targeted customers. The company could also advertise their range of fresh fruits and vegetables through various media to attract more customers (Blay-Palmer, 2010, page 98). They could also widen their reach throughout the UK market with exclusive, fresh fruits and vegetables outlets. The increasing demand for tropical fruit and valued vegetables annually from the global market is another opportunity f or Tesco (Burch, 2007, page 143). Threats Competition still remains the foremost threat Tesco’s fresh fruit and vegetables business faces. The company has famous competitions like ASDA, Marks&Spenser and Sainsbury. Economic instability and inflation experienced lately in the UK market also pose a considerable  threat to the company. Consequently, the customers save cost on expenditure due to the bad

Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Analysis - Essay Example This article considered an application of ABC method in practice. As the case study related, Teva Ltd. benefitted from considering this method over more traditional ones because it helped her to reduce the unused capacity and finally to improve its production. EVA (economic value added) can be defined as an indicator of financial performance, and is computed by the difference between operating profits and a capital charge. It can be sustained that EVA is a true measure of economic profit, which takes into account all costs, implying also the cost of capital. Another measure is MVA (market value added), and it is an indicator of the wealth of the company. It is computed as the difference between market value of common stock, preferred stock, debt and the total capital. Basically, it is the difference of the amount investors can take out and the amount invested by them. Considering EVA in valuation has also drawbacks. One of them is the fact that EVA does not consider the growth opportunities of the company. To solve this issue, management should take into account the MVA method. The article discussed the use of EVA and MVA in valuation of a company’s investments. Although, probably in practice an NPV and IRR methods are easier to implement, EVA could be a more appropriate indicator to measure performance and to make the appropriate decisions when running a company. To recap, EVA is the difference between net operating profit and capital charges, whilst MVA is the difference between market value and invested capital. EVA is preferred to MVA mainly because it is more amenable to periodic performance management. Using EVA in valuation brings benefits such as resolving budgeting issues, easiness of the making decision process, and accountability of management for all economic outlays. Basically, EVA solves some of the conflict of interest between management and shareholders by encouraging managers

Federal Estate Tax Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Federal Estate Tax - Essay Example Through the history of mankind, there have been several social issues which fail to attain the justified attention in sociological research, despite the fact that nobody gravely questions their implication for society, and the inheritance of private wealth from one generation to the following forms one such crucial sociological issue in the modern time. An awareness of the fact that about 550 billion dollars, which is more than 4% of the American GNP, are transferred per annum in the United States also suggests why the bequest of wealth and the Federal Estate Tax forms some central topics of sociological scholarship. "Estate taxation, one of the crucial areas of conflict in the regulation of the transfer of property, has become a topic of substantial political debate in the United States in recent years, and this has also prompted scholarly interest in the issue... One of the more interesting questions about the estate tax is why it is such a controversial tax..." (Beckert, 522) In f act, a sociological analysis of the Federal Estate Tax provides the most effective conclusion on why the arguments against the death tax have a superior point against those in favor of it in the essential controversial debate of the day, and there are important research evidences suggesting that the death tax has several limitations from the sociological point of view. Commendable researches on the topic of the Federal Estate Tax have concluded on the various arguments for and against the law which ultimately point out that it creates several issues to the taxpayers and that the limitations of the law concerning the economy and the environment far surpass the latent advantages of the law. The strong protest against the death tax in the current circumstances has been the result of several economic, sociological, and political considerations which prove significant to the entire system of the society. The economic perspective on the question argues that the Federal Estate Tax holds back the accumulation of capital and the growth of the economy. Important economic assessments on the topic conclude that the estate tax proves to be most detrimental to the economic growth of the federation. The taxes on the transference of property reduce the capital value of the property and diminish the finds intended for the preservation of labor. Taxes such as the Fe deral Estate Tax are unthrifty taxes which may enhance the revenue of the government, but rarely contribute to the good of the people affected, and they prevent the distribution of the national capital in the way most beneficial to the community. "For the general prosperity there cannot be too much facility given to the conveyance and exchange of all kinds of property, as it is by such means that capital of every species is likely to find its way into the hands of those who will best employ it in increasing the productions of the country." (Ricardo, 108) Therefore, the economic arguments against the Federal Estate Tax substantiate the sociological arguments against the same. The fact that there have been significant moves in the Congress to permanently repeal the federal estate tax also point to the limitations of the tax. Though there are ongoing debates on the repeal of the death tax, it is often assessed at a higher rate on the accumulated savings of deceased persons

Non western epistemologies and etiologies of disease and cures Essay

Non western epistemologies and etiologies of disease and cures - Essay Example When a Filipino gets sick he asks three questions which reveal the three sources of sickness from his point of view - he first question is asked because Filipinos believe there are physical causes for illness. It could be something that he ate or drank, a change in the weather, taking a bath at the wrong time (during menstruation or fever), or germs. These sicknesses are treated by doctors but due to the cost of western medicine, folk medicine is usually resorted to. This includes use of herbs and chemicals and sometimes saying a powerful prayer (Henry, 2006). If there is no apparent physical cause or if medical doctors are unable to cure a sickness, the second question is asked on the belief that if God or the spirit-world has been offended, then sickness could be sent as a punishment. With this background, a health practitioner dealing with this particular cultural group has to be aware and sensitive enough so as to deliver a patient-centered and patient-approved service as what Leonard Berry, a professor in Mays Business School at Texas A&M proposes (2003). Professor Berry studied the healthcare industry and says that its future depends on a patient-centered approach. Berry explained - Working at the high-end of expertise is a departure from what goes on now in the industry.. It means that specialist physicians should do less of what generalist physicians can do, generalist physicians should do less of what non-physician providers - such as nurses and physician's assistants - can do, and non physician providers should do less of what clinical staff can do. What's more, each caregiver should do less of what appropriately instructed patients and families can do for themselves". This patient-centered approach complements the concept of cultural competence among health practitioners which requires awareness and sensitivity to patients' cultural differences. Through this approach, patients are educated about their conditions, encouraged to ask questions and collaboration, discuss how the condition affects the patient emotionally, and involve patients in treatment decisions. In this way, a better served client is assured therefore lifting the quality of health care delivery. Works Cited Henry, Rodney L. Filipino Spirit World. OMF Literature, 2006 Scott, William Henry J. Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2004 Texas A&M University (2003, October 9). Patient-centered Approach Just What The Doctor Ordered For

Google Internship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Google Internship - Essay Example Although this statement is in and of itself idyllic and rather broad, it is my understanding that Google represents just such a firm. As such, even a cursory analysis of the past reveals the fact that Google has consistently sought out means of developing solutions, engineering new approaches, and helping to connect the world to share the information that exists in a more fluid and complete manner. As such, seeking to be a part of a firm that prizes these aspects above merely making money, is a dream that can only be realized with regards to an internship at Google. Therefore, it is my distinct hope and wish that my application for this position will be given consideration; not only due to the fact that I possess valuable skills and traits that could benefit Google, but due to the fact that I have a desire to be a part of this entity and promote the values that it seeks to underscore within our

Governments Crime Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Governments Crime Strategy - Essay Example These programs only started when people started to realize that arrest and punishment was not the only way out of crimes because punishment can only be awarded when a person has already committed a crime. To cut off the roots of crime it is essential to stop the crime from being committed and this is what exactly the motive of these programs is. One such program launched by the government on 29th November 1999 is set to tackle all the problems suffered by the general public. The new Crime Reduction Strategy set out by the government is set to remove all the problems of crime happening in the UK. Different approaches of handling crime are given out by this strategy which is aimed at lowering the crime rates in accordance to their level. Furthermore this strategy is bound to apply to all the major departments in which the crime rate is high. The major point of this strategy is that the government is also urging the local authorities to help them in curbing the crime. This strategy has been well thought and researched, however on the contrary loopholes can still be viewed in the government's policy. This essay would further describe the short comings of the strategy with accordance to its implementations and approaches. The Governments Crime Reduction Strategy aims to reduce all the crime happenings in the UK. To do this firstly they aim to raise the performance of the police and Crime & Disorder reduction partnership. The policy has set out particular points and invested a hefty amount of budget to bring up the forces together. However in my view the problem with raising the performance is that proper research has not be done in regard to both these units. The research which should have been done would show as to in which areas are these forces lacking and as to how these areas should be met according to the requirements of the forces. Similarly the policy tends to provide both these units with an adequate number of officers but do not lay down a plan to collaborate with the local authorities. To curb out crime it is necessary that the authorities have a strong hold over the local authorities who can inform the forces about the wrongs of the area. Similarly the corruption inside the forces itself is not laid down by the policy and the corruption (if there is any) might prevail even after the proposed initiatives of the plan. The force should not only be trained properly but should be given experience by keeping the trainees at different levels. They should be given expertise by the senior executives who have already gone through the situations of crime. A DNA database would not resolve all the issues of vehicle tracking and burglary, innovative measures such as closed circuit television systems should be installed to avoid burglaries to happen. The main aim of the strategy is to reduce burglary and property crime, however other crimes such as killing and knife crime is also common in the areas. The strategy should not be oriented towards certain crimes but it should target all the crimes which are happening in the areas. Similarly the assumption that if the manufacturers produce good quality products for housing purposes then the burglaries would lower down is wrong. As the burglars usually tend to track down the housing make and then commit the act. Similarly increasing the punishments for committing a crime is not a necessary step which would greatly lower the crime rates, but at times it can even provoke the punished one to commit even serious

Home of Mercy Essay Example for Free

Home of Mercy Essay Home of Mercy Home of Mercy is a sonnet written by Gwen Harwood during modern era Australia. It depicts the lifestyle of a select few group of â€Å"ruined girls†, who have been impregnated and exiled to live with the nuns throughout the course of their pregnancy, in hope of exoneration. It deals with the confronting issue of the loss youthful innocence; is a wrong decision made in your teenage years really enough to have the rest of your social life destroyed? Gwen Harwood’s poem raises the problem of teenage pregnancy. Pregnancy in juveniles was something that shamed an entire family. With very few options, the young women were forced to live with the Catholic nuns in hope that god will show mercy upon them. The text was clearly written with a clear understanding of the feelings of the exiled women and the obvious suppression undergone by these girls. To some extent, â€Å"Home of Mercy† loses some of its power in a modern context because of teenage pregnancies becoming more and more accepted. I think Gwen Harwood wrote her poem to not only outline the problem of unplanned pregnancy, but for the â€Å"onlooker† to have a different perception on this topic. Most people would look at them as â€Å"the ruined girls†, but I think Harwood is trying to make the reader feel compassion and sympathy for these underappreciated girls. She implies that they live very harsh lives, and touches on the notion that they aren’t mature physically (or mentally) when she refers to them as having â€Å"ripening bodies. In my opinion, Gwen is blatantly telling the reader that they should see both sides of this argument and not to jump to conclusions about them. The mood of â€Å"Home of Mercy† is one of its fundamental tools in persuasion. It contains a very strong emotion of suppression and domination, with a strong influence of a lifeless and depressing overtone. A main emotion is the strict and forceful routine enforced by the Catholic Church. The opening sentence â€Å"By two and two † already suggests that they are standing in regimented lines. The next line â€Å"at the neat margin of the convent grass† re-instates the sharp, tense lines symbolically representing their sharp, tense lives. The girls are shown as being ultimately dominated; â€Å"They kneel†, â€Å"their intolerable weekday rigour. †, â€Å"they will launder†. They have no say: â€Å"an old nun who silences their talking†, and are forced to do exactly what the nuns tell them or face life-long solitude. â€Å"Home of Mercy† is structured like a conventional Petrarchan sonnet (abba rhyming scheme), with a few minor flaws in the flow (line 1 and 4 have 11 syllables, and line 6 has 12). A strange aspect of the poem is the use of language. The poem is about a group of girls being treated like the scum of the Earth, yet there aren’t many violent or hateful words at all. Most of the meaning is put through symbolic references and metaphors. The most hateful words are sin and brutish, which are only used toward the end of the poem for effect. Visual imagery is also strong in Harwood’s poem. The opening line â€Å"By two and two† already gives the reader the impression that the girls are under strict control. angels will wrestle them with brutish vigour† is metaphorically saying that even the sacred angels won’t be by their side; that everyone is against them. â€Å"Home of Mercy† has iambic pentameter, with 10 syllables per line in most. A good example of Gwen using sounds to give effect to the poem is â€Å"They smooth with roughened hands†, the soft sounds of â€Å"smooth† in contrast of the harsh sounds of â€Å" roughened† have almost an onomatopoeic effect. Also, the line â€Å"faces of mischievous children in distress† contains sibilance of the â€Å"s† sound. â€Å"Home of Mercy†

3 Levels of Society Essay Example for Free

3 Levels of Society Essay Society consists of three levels: the upper, middle, and lower class. This was established by philosophers Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx. Marx stated his views, known as the Marxist Theory. The Marxist view of scientific socialism was based on the short writings and views from two social scientists. The theory conceived by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels provided theoretical basis for the struggle of the working class to gain a higher class in society. â€Å"They viewed crime as function of social demoralization, caused by the Capitalist society. While Karl Marx himself did not write much on the topic of crime, his views on the relationship between the concept of social conflict, this concept was first applied to criminology by three distinguished scholars: Willem Bonger, Ralf Dahrendorf, and George Vold.† (Pg. 269 Seigel Larry J.). Willem Bonger had the belief that society was divided into two groups, the â€Å"have’s† or â€Å"the ruling class† and the â€Å"have not’s† or â€Å"the inferior class†. The law is supposed to protect all classes of society, but in reality the law serves the will of the ruling class. Unless a situation is in a potentially harmful way of the ruling class, no actions are taken. But when actions such as crime affect the people of power and something has to be done, the legal system discriminates against the poor because of the capitalist society. Being the lower class, people are deprived of materials and are still monopolized by the upper class, they now are more likely to commit crime. Ralf Dahrendorf argued that society of today was organized into imperatively coordinated associations. There are two associations who make up society, the people who have authority and us it for social domination and then there’s those who lack authority and are dominated. He says that society needs to step away from the ruling of classes and adhere to the idea of authority. Ralf states that society is made up of competing interest groups and formed his own theory on human behavior called the â€Å"conflict theory†. This theory is based off of a few ideas, such as, social change is everywhere, social conflict is everywhere, and every element in society iis a contribution to its own change. George Vold argued that the laws are made to help politically orienteered groups, who seek aid by the government. They need help protecting their rights and interests so they need someone with forceful power to help. He feels that a law can be created be enough people who share the same view and interests. In the end every case and criminal situation involves conflict of some sort. Crime is viewed as a social demoralization, as stated earlier. All three of these distinguished scholars had their own theories, overlapping in belief or not, on how society and crime worked. Willem Bonger believed society was divided into two groups, the â€Å"haves† and the â€Å"Have nots†. Ralf Dahrendorf argued that society was organized into imperatively coordinated associations. And George Vold said that the laws were/are made to help politically orienteered groups, who seek aid by the government.

Process of Self-evaluation and Reflection upon Learning

Process of Self-evaluation and Reflection upon Learning Self Evaluation Upon Learning This paper describes a process of self-evaluation, reflection upon learning, and planning for future developments. As well as considering the learning points which have been successfully internalized over the course of the semester, it will incorporate reflection on strengths and weaknesses, and begin to outline future communication with putative employers. In addition to presenting some analysis of the formal and academic aspects of the experience, it will discuss the interpersonal aspects of learning, and the development of those capacities which may have professional and vocational applications. As Stenhouse points out, ‘A curriculum is an attempt to communicate the essential principles and features of an educational proposal in such a form that it is open to critical scrutiny and capable of effective translation into practice. (1), However, negotiating the formal structures and requirements of the curriculum is only one aspect of the learning process. A perceptible process of transformation has begun in education, away from a lecture based didactic approach and towards adaptable, flexible modes of learning and teaching. Accordingly, this record of reflective learning will discuss the use of oral, listening and communication skills, considering self-management in group situations. In conclusion, it will present a flexible plan for the future, outlining the skills which need to be developed and providing some indicative targets and points for action. This piece presents my own reflections, and where appropriate, makes reference to appropriate research and analysis by published authorities. From a purely personal perspective, undertaking the module involved a reconsideration of my own identity and purpose, and the sorting through of the multiple dimensions and preoccupations of my life. As Hall points out, ‘†¦no one has one identity; and indeed those identities may be in tension (one example would be the ways in which â€Å"mother† and â€Å"worker† are often understood as existing in tension. (2) Consequently, it was important to reconfigure ones self-identity and direction in the light of new knowledge and perspectives. In this respect, it is important to be aware that personality and self-image are often key determinants in setting personal objectives, defining outcomes, and constructing the parameters within which any one of us can grow and interact with their environment. As Elliot puts it, ‘We often think of the self as primarily a private domain, an inner realm of personal thoughts, values, strivings, emotions and desires. Yet this view, which seems largely self-evident, is in contrast to the way in which sociologists study the framing of personal identity and the self. (3) Therefore, locating oneself within a social continuum, in some ways a necessary social skill and a pre-requisite of social/group orientation, can be both limiting and damaging. It is also important to consider cultural identity and the way national, regional, chronological and even familial micro cultures are profoundly constructive of our own life politics. It has become a truism in life-politics that emotional awareness – or emotional intelligence – is a fundamental determinant of how individuals will approach, engage with, and function with regard to social structures, whether the latter are in the public or private sphere. As Goleman explains, ‘self-awareness – recognizing a feeling as it happens – is the keystone of emotional intelligence†¦.the ability to monitor feelings from moment to moment is crucial to psychological insight and self-understanding. (4) Some individuals may have this capacity through innate cognitive ability, whilst others must attempt to construct it using deliberately reflective techniques. However, the experience of the module has illustrated to me that it is not an option: interpersonal effectiveness basically demands that individuals exercise this facility, or develop it, as appropriate. As Bolton explains, ‘Reflective practice and reflexivity are not subjects but a pedagogical approach which should pervade the curriculum. (5) This is not say that formally defined subject knowledge, academic skills, or the didactic position, itself, are in any way less relevant or marginal in the curriculum process. It does indicate however that the ability to manage the dynamics of learning, and to demonstrate it through interpersonal growth, has become more prominent. It is fair to argue then, as Fraser and Bosanquet have done, that ‘†¦Students are the receptors of the curriculum and their impact upon it varies†¦ (6) I found that, in the interactive learning environment, the effectiveness of the curriculum was determined and defined to a significant degree by us as learners, and in particular by our willingness to contribute new knowledge as perceptions. In this respect, the module was As Fraser and Bosanquet point out, ‘The changing nature of knowledge relevant to the discipline, and research in the discipline area, also influence the structure and learning goals of the programme†¦. (7). I consider that one of the key aspects of the module was its capacity to develop interpersonal working and the ability to work within a group dynamic. The resolution of issues, coordination of effort, and maximisation of individual skills through delegation are all highly transferable skills, which added to the developmental strengths of the formal curriculum. As Davis observes, ‘Whilst there is demand for the traditional ability to analyse, think critically an work independently†¦, there is also a growing demand for ‘†¦transferable skills†¦.communication, team working,†¦and problem solving. This requires ‘careful curriculum planning, support mechanisms, teaching methodologies and assessment strategies†¦ (8). As discussed above, there are a range of factors which form the individuals attitudes and effectiveness within this dynamic, in terms of what they deem acceptable or effective approaches. Many of these are culturally formed, and may be interpreted within frameworks such Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions Index. Within this, Hofestede projects, each culture has tolerances and behavioural norms which dictate group behaviour, as well as strategic thinking within organisations. He defines these criteria as uncertainty avoidance, power distance, long/short term orientation, gender, i.e. masculinity and femininity, and individualism/collectivism. (9). Perhaps more revealing than this scheme of wide cultural sub-groups, however, is the related idea that these are just one component in tripartite scheme which includes universal human traits, ‘learned behaviour and values, and individual personality traits. (10) I consider that the recognition of individual strengths and weaknesses is a key factor, not only in the recognition of individual contributions, but in effective team building. I have definitely learned that assembling a team is a skill in itself. Simply pushing together a random group of individuals is not team-b uilding. Correspondingly, one learning point which I can take from team working on the module, is that different individuals place value upon different aspects of interpersonal dealings, and that this has to recognised, despite personal preferences. For example, some co-learners on the module – and through logical extension, some colleagues in a professional situation – placed a high value on directness within relationships, and preferred immediate action to a deferred approach. Conversely, some personalities felt far more secure with an incremental approach to issues, preferring to delay action until the maximum possible information and analysis was assembled. Some individuals placed a high premium on relationship building through personal interaction, and took this as the inception of a trust network, before moving on to the specifics of a problem or issue. Meanwhile, some individuals were comfortable with the exact reverse of this; they wanted to stay focused on the dimension s of the issue, and preferred to leave the interpersonal dimensions of team building to take their natural course. The main learning point which emerged from this for me, was that such characteristics needed to be recognised, accepted, and factored  into  team building, as well as its functioning dynamic. No one individual conforms absolutely to a specific personality or behavioural type: however, their dominant personality traits are likely to be those which emerge at key decision making moments. To get the best out of people and teams, the nature of their contribution needs to be taken into account. As Sonnetag observes, ‘There is relatively consistent empirical evidence for a positive relationship between specific aspects of individual well-being and.performance. (11) The ability to ensure this well-being and secure the related performance – in myself as well as in other learners – and eventually co-workers – is one of the key developmental points that I will take from the module as a whole. . As Murphy and Riggio indicate, ‘†¦complexity provides the resources (cognitive, social, behavioural) for generating numerous possible responses to a given situation. Individuals as well as organizations are healthy and thrive when they are capable of many responses to a given situation, and become brittle and vulnerable to changing conditions when they are uniform and specialized. (12). I prefer to think of this as understanding the personal, interpersonal, and strategic implications of the psychological contract. As Williams indicates regarding this phenomenon, ‘this interpersonal aspect to fairness reminds us that there is a social basis to the exchange relationship between employer and employee and we might expect thi s to be part of the psychological contract. (13) One of the key objectives that I will take away from the module is the ability to understand – through use of a reflective cycle the development of psychological contracts between individuals, within groups, across stakeholders, and between employees and management. I recognise that this, in itself, is an objective which relies heavily on the capacity to use ones own emotional intelligence, and that this in itself is an on-going task. As Goleman has observed, , ‘†¦unlike the familiar tests for IQ, there is, as yet, no single paper and pencil test that yields an emotional intelligence score, and there may never be one. ‘ (14) In fact it could be argued that those with emotional intelligence as a dominant aspect of their skills set, tend to eschew formal learning situations altogether, relying on their reading of situations and interpersonal skills rather than credentialism to get where they want to be. The impo rtant point for me here is to recognize that these skills are increasingly important in the socialized workforce, and central to achievement of common goals. As Guest and Conway have indicated, ‘†¦built on the three pillars of fairness, trust and delivery of the deal between organizations and employees, a positive psychological contract is the best guarantee of good performance outcomes. (15) Here are some key points for my development, around which specific targets may be developed. Have I planned and managed my own workload effectively: have I consistently met deadlines, without suspending working routines, or the absorption of resources of time from other projects or priorities? In team working situations, was I effective in determining the roles allocated to myself and others, using prior knowledge about myself and them? Did I retain effective control over my role, and did my input have a discernible and measurable impact on the project as a whole? How will I assess whether or not I have consistently managed work relationships in an effective way? Assuming I can assemble such an assessment, would my co-learners or colleagues evaluations be likely to support this? Is my role – or the role of others – clear to everyone concerned? In my estimation, and with regard to the insights I have obtained about interpersonal effectiveness from the module, achievement of these objectives would go a considerable way towards making me an effective learner. They are also principles which could be deemed constructive of a learning organization as a whole, something which, in my view, we should all regard as the worthwhile outcome of our individual contributions. As Hyam and Mason point out, ‘The learning organization, argue its advocates, is one in which managers perceive their position in the organization, and their relationship with subordinates, in a radically new way, utilizing new metaphors and ways of understanding. (16). One way to measure individual progress towards this outcome would be through the use of a reflective scheme such as Gibbs Reflective Cycle.: Within this, the learner or practitioner can use description to visualize developments or events, subsequently evaluating their own emotional response in t he ‘feelings stage of the process. From there you progress on to the evaluation and analysis stages, seeking out any wider implications or perceptible patterns from the situation, before proceeding onto the conclusion and action plan. I consider this skill-set to be of huge importance, because wherever you go in the contemporary employment scene, you will encounter an appraisal and system, and some form of target setting regime. Being aware of ones own real situation in relation to the requirements of a professional situation, is therefore just as important as finding out about the perceptions of others. In my opinion, this is the difference between merely transactional or genuinely transformational management. As Fincham and Rhodes express it, the transactional model is ‘†¦simply a mutual exchange for economic or political reasons between leader or follower. In transformational leadership a deeper, more powerful process is present. Here one or more persons engage w ith others in such a way that leaders and followers raise each other up to higher levels of motivation and morality. (17). It can be argued therefore that worthwhile transactional management begins in the personal sphere. Footnotes 1.) Stenhouse, L (1975, .An Introduction to Curriculum Research and Development  .London: Heinemann, p.4. 2 ) Hall, S., ‘Who Needs Identity? in Hall, S., and du Gay, P., (1996), (eds),  Questions of Cultural Identity,  Sage, London. p.5. 3.) Elliot, A., (2001),  Concepts of the Self,  Polity Press, Cambridge p.24. 4.) Goleman, (1996),  Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ,  Bloomsbury, London. p.43. 5.) Bolton, G., (2005),  Reflective Practice: Writing and Professional Development,  2nd Edition, Sage, London, p.3. 6.) Fraser, S., and Bosanquet, A., (2006), ‘The curriculum? That is just a unit outline, isnt it?,  Studies in Higher Education, 31, pp.269-284, p.274 7.)  ibid. 8.) Davis, M., (2003), ‘Barriers to reflective practice: the changing nature of higher education in  Active learning in higher education  4 (3) pp. 243-255, p.247. 9.) Hofstede, G., (2003),  Cultures and Organizations: Intercultural Cooperation and its Importance for Survival,  Profile Business, London. p.9 10.)  ibid.,  p.6. 11.) Sonnetag, S., (ed), (2002)  Psychological Management of Individual Performance,  John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, p.4110. 12.) Murphy, S.E., Riggio, R.E., (2003), The Future of Leadership Development,  Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah NJ, p.13. 13.) Williams, R.S., (1998)  Performance Management: Perspectives on Employee Performance,  International Thomson Business Press, St.Ives, p.183. 14.) Goleman, (1996),  Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ,  Bloomsbury, London p.44. 15.) Guest, D.E., and Conway, N., (2004),  Employee Well-being and the Psychological Contract: A Report for the CIPD,  Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, London, p.vii. 16.) Hyam, J., and Mason, B., (1995),  Managing Employee Involvement and Participation,  Sage, London, p.145. 17.) Fincham, R., Rhodes, P., (2005),  Principles of Organizational Behaviour, Oxford University Press, Oxford p.345. Bibliography Armstrong, A., and Baron, A.,(2005),  Managing Performance: Performance Management in Action,  CIPD, London. Armstrong, A., (1994),  Performance Management,  Kogan Page, London. Arthur, M.B., (1996),  The Boundaryless Career: A New Employment Principle for a New Organizational Era  Oxford University Press. Baker, J., (1988),  Causes of Failure in Performance Appraisal and Supervision: A Guide to Analysis and Evaluation for Human Resources Professionals,  Quorum Books, New York. Barrow, G., and Newton, T., (2004),  Walking the Talk: How Transactional Analysis is Improving Behaviour and Raising Self-Esteem,  David Fulton, London. Bolton, G., (2005),  Reflective Practice: Writing and Professional Development,  2nd Edition, Sage, London. Davis, M., (2003), ‘Barriers to reflective practice: the changing nature of higher education in  Active learning in higher education  4 (3) pp. 243-255 Fincham, R., Rhodes, P., (2005),  Principles of Organizational Behaviour, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Forster, M., (2005)  Maximum Performance: A Practical Guide to Leading and Managing People at Work,  Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Fraser, S., and Bosanquet, A., (2006), ‘The curriculum? That is just a unit outline, isnt it?,  Studies in Higher Education, 31, pp.269-284. Goleman, D., (1996),  Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ,  Bloomsbury, London. Guest, D.E., and Conway, N., (2004),  Employee Well-being and the Psychological Contract: A Report for the CIPD,  Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, London. Hall, S., ‘Who Needs Identity? in Hall, S., and du Gay, P., (1996), (eds),  Questions of Cultural Identity,  Sage, London. Hiser, S., ‘e-Recruitment: Tools help staff see the effects of effort.  Financial Times , Published: November 7 2007. INTERNET, available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c8757344-8c95-11dc-b887-0000779fd2ac.html, [viewed 12.4.08] n.p. Gerte Hofstede Cultural Dimensions  Website, INTERNET, available at http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php?culture1=95culture2=18#compare [viewed 20.8.08] n.p. Hofstede, G., (2003),  Cultures and Organizations: Intercultural Cooperation and its Importance for Survival,  Profile Business, London.   Holland, J.L., (1997),  Making Vocational Choices: A Theory of Vocational Personalities and Work Environments,  London. Hyam, J., and Mason, B., (1995),  Managing Employee Involvement and Participation,  Sage, London. Maslow, A.H., (1970)  Motivation and Personality,  3rd Edition, Harper Collins, New York. Murphy, S.E., Riggio, R.E., (2003), The Future of Leadership Development,  Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah NJ. Sonnetag, S., (ed), (2002)  Psychological Management of Individual Performance,  John Wiley and Sons, Chichester. Stenhouse, L (1975, .An Introduction to Curriculum Research and Development  .London: Heinemann. Walters, M., (1995),  The Performance Management Handbook,  Institute of Personnel and Development, London. Warmington, A., Lupton, C., and Gribbin, C., (1977),  Organisational Behaviour and Performance: an Open Systems Approach to Change,  MacMillan, London. Williams, R.S., (1998)  Performance Management: Perspectives on Employee Performance,  International Thomson Business Press, St.Ives.

Aliens ARE Out There! :: Government Cover-ups Roswell Incident

Aliens ARE Out There!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Just about 500 years ago people believed that the earth was still flat, 50 years ago people doubted the existence of an alien life, 5 min ago the people of earth believe that aliens existed. Many individuals around the world have reportedly been contacted by extra terrestrial beings. They allege that Earth is currently being visited by several different species of extra terrestrial. These individuals report that extra terrestrials are visiting the Earth because they are interested in observing the development of the human species. This alone is not the only reason we believe in the existence of Extraterrestrial life and UFOs. Aliens along with UFOs exist because of Government Cover-ups, The Roswell Incident, Extraterrestrial Laws and Government Projects. The United States government is actively involved in secret military projects. For national security reasons the military keeps these projects secret from the public. Some individuals believe that the US government has already discovered extra terrestrial intelligence but chooses to keep it hidden from the public. These individuals believe that the military has recovered extra terrestrial craft and bodies and may be in regular communication with an extra terrestrial intelligence. They believe that the government and the military are going to great lengths to hide extra terrestrial contact from the public. One secret the government covers up is a base known as Area 51, which could contain the truth about aliens. Area 51 is a secret US military installation which lies just outside of Las Vegas, Nevada (USA). Area 51 is one of the most secretive places on earth; so secret that it isn't on any map and the US government denies its' existence. The base has long been reported to house extra terrestrial craft and alien bodies-although no one can confirm these allegations. Many individuals have reportedly seen craft leaving the base at night, which are able to accelerate at amazing speed and make rapid changes in direction-far beyond any terrestrial technology. Area 51 was build in the early 1950's by the CIA to test its top secret U-2 program. The base was built for its great year-round flying conditions, remoteness and flat lake bed on which to make runways. Ever since the U-2 program, Area 51 has been the test area for the latest technological developments in the US military. Allegedly, Area 51 is the testing ground for a new top secret hypersonic stealth aircraft project called Aurora.

Essay --

Introduction It all starts when I was watching the ad on TV for the car I always dreamed of, a BMW 528 x drive. The offer was so attractive given that the monthly payments shown were actually within my budget. Though the ad mentioned leasing not selling, therefor I need to know: what is car leasing? How the process works? How it is different than buying? Should I lease or buy my next car? How should I prepare for the lease? What is the deal I am looking for? How to negotiate a good deal? What are the after deal obligations? What are my lease end term options? And what happen if I decided to end the contract before the end of the lease term? As in any other negotiation, I should take enough time to prepare properly before making any decisions that I might regret in the future. What is car leasing? Leasing is paying for the use of a car over a specified period of time, in other words it is a term of financing a car. In leasing a car, it is important to note that the total price of the car is important (even if I am only responsible for part of it) and it can be negotiated with the dealership; the owner of the car is the leasing company not the dealership, the dealership acts as an agent for the leasing company and when the deal is generated I will be dealing directly with the leasing company; I agree to make regular monthly payments for the specified period, maintain the car, pay the car insurance, local taxes and tags fees, and I am expected to stick with the mileage indicated to the end of the lease term. I will be hold accountable for any damages or extra mileage above the specified limits. Also, in a lease the monthly payments are upfront, not like when you buy the car where you pay at the end of the month. This means that i... ...the above and make sure that I will be having a good deal. I will be reminded a month a head of the lease term on the date of returning the car and if I am exploring other options I need to decide within that period. It is not a coincidence to note that â€Å"forced arbitration clauses are included in nearly all car sale contracts and leases. Franchise laws in all 50 states give automobile dealers a special monopoly over new car sales, allowing them power to decide what they want to include in their sale/lease contracts. Consequently, consumers purchasing or leasing a new vehicle are a captive audience with no choice but to enter into the sales/lease contract put before them parties when they cannot be resolved on their own to Arbitration†.( retrieved from http://www.fairarbitrationnow.org) (Please see exhibit 3: Sample of Vehicle Purchase/Finance Arbitration Agreement)

Violence - McViolence in McAmerica Essay -- Exploratory Essays Researc

McViolence in McAmerica The United States was born in a spirit of freedom and democracy, yet also with a strong belief in the use of individual and group violence. The Revolutionary War lasted seven years and succeeded in its goal of a new and independent nation. It also began our two-century-long love affair with the gun, as four hundred thousand victorious citizen-soldiers helped proclaim the right to bear arms (Goldstein 480). America was born with a gun in hand and the desire to use it. But where did the violence begin and what can Americans do to stop it? These are the questions American's repeat every time they encounter violence in our fair country. Arnold Goldstein's "Violence in America" and The Violence Policy Center's "Teddy Bears", conclude that America is a violent nation. What caused America to be so violent? It seems that America's fascination with violence began during the civil war. It continues to claim importance in the minds of Americans even to this day. Throughout the centuries following the war, America's fascination with violence has been fueled by particular circumstances. It's written that during the eighteenth century, during the migration to the western United States, "Self-reliance, independence, and impatience with the poorly developed laws and law enforcement of the day were also part of this mentality (Goldstein 481)." Because of this save yourself mentality, people began to take the law into their owns hands and dole out local justice. People wanted to be the rugged law enforcer that saved the day. That particular myth seemed to be the most well know, but the leas... ...es more immune to it, The Violence Policy Center writes warning posters about it, and Arnold Goldstein can write an essay about how the violence in America started. So even though the Revolutionary War gave our country freedom, it also began a losing battle with violence that ceases to release America from its cold steel hands. Works Cited Goldstien, Arnold P. "How Did We Get Here?" Violence In America. Creating America: Reading and Writing Arguments. Eds. Joyce Moser and Ann Watters. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2002 (480-482). Violence Policy Center. "Teddy Bears." Creating America: Reading and Writing Arguments. Eds. Joyce Moser and Ann Watters. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2002 (491-492). Violence - McViolence in McAmerica Essay -- Exploratory Essays Researc McViolence in McAmerica The United States was born in a spirit of freedom and democracy, yet also with a strong belief in the use of individual and group violence. The Revolutionary War lasted seven years and succeeded in its goal of a new and independent nation. It also began our two-century-long love affair with the gun, as four hundred thousand victorious citizen-soldiers helped proclaim the right to bear arms (Goldstein 480). America was born with a gun in hand and the desire to use it. But where did the violence begin and what can Americans do to stop it? These are the questions American's repeat every time they encounter violence in our fair country. Arnold Goldstein's "Violence in America" and The Violence Policy Center's "Teddy Bears", conclude that America is a violent nation. What caused America to be so violent? It seems that America's fascination with violence began during the civil war. It continues to claim importance in the minds of Americans even to this day. Throughout the centuries following the war, America's fascination with violence has been fueled by particular circumstances. It's written that during the eighteenth century, during the migration to the western United States, "Self-reliance, independence, and impatience with the poorly developed laws and law enforcement of the day were also part of this mentality (Goldstein 481)." Because of this save yourself mentality, people began to take the law into their owns hands and dole out local justice. People wanted to be the rugged law enforcer that saved the day. That particular myth seemed to be the most well know, but the leas... ...es more immune to it, The Violence Policy Center writes warning posters about it, and Arnold Goldstein can write an essay about how the violence in America started. So even though the Revolutionary War gave our country freedom, it also began a losing battle with violence that ceases to release America from its cold steel hands. Works Cited Goldstien, Arnold P. "How Did We Get Here?" Violence In America. Creating America: Reading and Writing Arguments. Eds. Joyce Moser and Ann Watters. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2002 (480-482). Violence Policy Center. "Teddy Bears." Creating America: Reading and Writing Arguments. Eds. Joyce Moser and Ann Watters. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2002 (491-492).