How to Construct an Index for Research

Instructions to Construct an Index for Research A record is a composite proportion of factors, or a method of estimating a constructlike strictness or racismusing more than one information thing. A record is a collection of scores from an assortment of individual things. To make one, you should choose potential things, analyze their exact connections, score the list, and approve it. Thing Selection The initial phase in making a file is choosing the things you wish to remember for the record to gauge the variable of intrigue. There are a few interesting points while choosing the things. To begin with, you should choose things that have face legitimacy. That is, the thing should gauge what it is planned to quantify. On the off chance that you are building a record of strictness, things, for example, church participation and recurrence of supplication would have face legitimacy since they seem to offer some sign of strictness. A second basis for picking which things to remember for your file is unidimensionality. That is, every thing ought to speak to just one element of the idea you are estimating. For instance, things reflecting wretchedness ought not be remembered for things estimating uneasiness, despite the fact that the two may be identified with each other. Third, you have to choose how broad or explicit your variable will be. For instance, in the event that you just wish to gauge a particular part of strictness, for example, custom support, at that point you would just need to incorporate things that measure custom interest, for example, church participation, admission, fellowship, and so on. On the off chance that you are estimating strictness in a progressively broad manner, notwithstanding, you would need to likewise incorporate an increasingly adjusted arrangement of things that address different regions of religion, (for example, convictions, information, and so forth.). In conclusion, while picking which things to remember for your record, you should focus on the measure of fluctuation that every thing gives. For instance, if a thing is planned to quantify strict conservatism, you have to focus on what extent of respondents would be recognized as strictly preservationist by that measure. On the off chance that the thing recognizes no one as strictly moderate or everybody as a strictly preservationist, at that point the thing has no change and it's anything but a valuable thing for your list. Inspecting Empirical Relationships The subsequent advance in record development is to look at the observational connections among the things you wish to remember for the list. An experimental relationship is when respondents’ answers to one inquiry assist us with anticipating how they will address different inquiries. In the event that two things are exactly identified with one another, we can contend that the two things mirror a similar idea and we can, hence, remember them for a similar record. To decide whether your things are observationally related, crosstabulations, relationship coefficients, or both might be utilized. List Scoring The third step in list development is scoring the record. After you have settled the things you are remembering for your list, you at that point dole out scores for specific reactions, in this way making a composite variable out of your few things. For instance, let’s state you are estimating strict custom cooperation among Catholics and the things remembered for your file are church participation, admission, fellowship, and day by day petition, each with a reaction decision of indeed, I normally take an interest or no, I don't routinely partake. You may appoint a 0 for doesn't take an interest and a 1 for takes part. Consequently, a respondent could get a last composite score of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 with 0 being the least occupied with Catholic customs and 4 being the most locked in. File Validation The last advance in developing a record is approving it. Much the same as you have to approve every thing that goes into the file, you additionally need to approve the record itself to ensure that it estimates what it is expected to quantify. There are a few techniques for doing this. One is called thing examination in which you look at the degree to which the record is identified with the individual things that are remembered for it. Another significant pointer of an index’s legitimacy is the means by which well it precisely predicts related measures. For instance, on the off chance that you are estimating political conservatism, the individuals who score the most preservationist in your file should likewise score traditionalist in different inquiries remembered for the overview.

Dan Bricklin, Bob Frankston, and the First Spreadsheet

Dan Bricklin, Bob Frankston, and the First Spreadsheet Any item that pays for itself in about fourteen days is a surefire victor. That’s what Dan Bricklin, one of the designers of the main PC spreadsheet. VisiCalc was discharged to general society in 1979. It ran on an Apple II PC. Most early microchip PCs had beenâ supported by BASIC and a couple of games, yet VisiCalc presented another level in application programming. It was viewed as a fourth era programming program. Before this,â companies were putting away time and cash making money related projections with physically determined spreadsheets. Changing a solitary number implied recalculating each and every cell on the sheet. VisiCalc permitted them to change any phone and the whole sheet would be naturally recalculated. VisiCalc took 20 hours of work for certain individuals and turned it out in a short time and let them become substantially more creative,† Bricklin said. The History of VisiCalc Bricklin and Bob Frankston concocted VisiCalc. Bricklin was reading for his Master of Business Administration degree at Harvard Business School when he got together with Frankston to assist him with composing the programming for his new electronic spreadsheet. The two began their own organization, Software Arts Inc., to build up their item. I dont realize how to answer what it resembled on the grounds that early Apple machines had scarcely any tools,† Frankston said about programming VisiCalc for the Apple II. â€Å"We simply needed to continue investigating by confining an issue, taking a gander at memory in the constrained troubleshooting †which was more fragile than the DOS DEBUG and had no images †at that point fix and retry and afterward re-program, download and attempt again andâ again...â An Apple II form was prepared by the fall of 1979. The group began composing renditions for the Tandy TRS-80, the Commodore PET and the Atari 800. By October, VisiCalc was a quick vender on the racks of PC stores at $100.â In November 1981, Bricklin got the Grace Murray Hopper Award from the Association for Computing Machinery to pay tribute to his development. VisiCalc was before long offered to Lotus Development Corporation where it was formed into the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet for the PC by 1983. Bricklin never got a patent for VisiCalc in light of the fact that product programs were not qualified for licenses by the Supreme Court until after 1981. Im not rich since I imagined VisiCalc,† Bricklin stated, â€Å"but I feel that Ive rolled out an improvement on the planet. That is a fulfillment cash cant buy.â Licenses? Disillusioned? Dont consider it that way, Bob Frankston said. Programming licenses werent practical at that point so we decided not to chance $10,000.â More on Spreadsheets The DIF design was created in 1980, permitting spreadsheet information to be shared and brought into different projects, for example, word processors. This made spreadsheet information more portable.â SuperCalc was presented in 1980, the principal spreadsheet for the well known miniaturized scale OS called CP/M. The well known Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet was presented in 1983. Mitch Kapor established Lotus and utilized his past programming involvement in VisiCalc to make 1-2-3.â Exceed expectations and Quattro Pro spreadsheets were presented in 1987, offering a progressively graphical interface.

The Joy of Education

The Joy of Education Free Online Research Papers Envision it. The hints of your loved ones giving a shout out to you as you stroll over the field to get your confirmation. The idea of a superior future for you and your folks enters your thoughts likes speeding vehicles on an interstate. My excursion on this street to progress was here, all the late evenings and concentrating at last paid off. I went to school because not an inquiry any longer. My folks, particularly my darling granny, disclosed to me accounts of when they were more youthful how it was so difficult for them to finish secondary school by the by school. How they needed to accomplish their objectives however couldn’t in view of children and undesirable occupations. The method of having the cash to pay for training was their expectation for me since they didn’t have that. They envisioned and implored of this day for me to ascend and take lead. I am their good example, the endeavor I have they need. The way of life am living, they loved. My explanation behind went to school isn't just for me yet for the ones I love. The enthusiasm of helping individuals and having any kind of effect in others lives is my desire. I need to be glad for work that I cherished and not one that simply cover the tabs. There are various reasons one could took on school however mine watches out. I need my loved ones to be glad for me. I need the fervor and trust in a superior future that my folks didn’t have. All the battles I have experienced permit me to be more grounded and work harder. My objectives are set and I’m pursuing them. I have the assessment to be a superior individual with a superior life. I am the up and coming age of expectation and pleased to my family and it feels extraordinary. So by joining up with school, it encourages me get to that place I need to be, that place where my children can be free, that spots were I hear hints of my loved ones cheering. Research Papers on The Joy of EducationThe Hockey GamePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationBringing Democracy to Africa19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayStandardized Testing

Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Progression

Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Progression Alzheimer’s sickness is gradually dynamic and irreversible cerebrum ailment which is one of the most widely recognized reason for dementia [1]. In AD patients experience the ill effects of subjective as well as engine and tactile misfortune [2]. In spite of the fact that the instrument of AD isn't surely known still AD pathology is portrayed by extra cell amyloid-ÃŽ ² stores and interacellular neurfibril tangles arrangement of hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Being irreversible and neurological harming sickness, its critical to distinguish and diagonse at prior or at some controlable time point. Some helpful AD diagonstic biomarkers are required for this reason. These biomarkers ought to likewise fullful the measures of handiness for AD recognition. Biomarkers ought to get anomalous with the movement of sickness at the end of the day they ought to be dynamic and associate with clinical side effect and seriousness of illness [3]. Ongoing exploration on utilization of explicit AD biomarker for malady organizing in vivo shows that Aî ² powerfully relates with illness at various phases of sickness progression[4] [5]. Be that as it may, Aî ² level changes in patients. Which proposes, through procedure of Aî ² creation begins prior yet Aî ² as a biomarker just isn't relibale, in this manner elective biomarker must be found alongside Aî ² age process. Figure1. Biomakers and AD early discovery Source; Modified from Ingelsson, M et al 2004. [4] Aî ² can be delivered through proteolytic preparing of APP (amyloid antecedent protein), which takes focal situation in AD pathogenesis. Application is single-pass transmembrane protein with bigger ectodomain. Despite the fact that the physiological elements of APP are not notable however has neuroprotective capacity and beneficial outcome on cell development [6]. Application is for the most part delivered in neurons and quickly processed by secretase catalysts through elective grafting by two pathways [7] [8]. Nonamyloidogenic handling of APP including two secretases ÃŽ ±-secretase and ÃŽ ³-secretase while in amyloidogenic preparing ÃŽ ²-secretase (recognized as transmembrane aspartase protease BACE1) and ÃŽ ³-secretase are included. Item created during the two processings have dissolvable ectodomain (sAPP ÃŽ ± and sAPP ÃŽ ²) individually alongside indistinguishable item called AICD (intracellular C-terminal fregmenets)[9]. All the more critically amyloidogenic handling produces Aî ², a succession contained by sAPP ÃŽ ² part. In mind APP handling produces for the most part Aî ²40 and Aî ²42 dependent on 40 and 42 amino acids deposits relying upon secretases ( see secretase table 1) through elective splicings [10]. Alongside administrative subunits of ÃŽ ³-secretase mind boggling, reactant subunits presenilin1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 ( PS2) are included chiefly in choosing the length of these harmful type of Aî ². These poisonous types of Aî ² can total and structure plauqe that has increasingly harmful impact [11]. With the movement of AD, side effects likewise spread alongside it relying upon the vlunerability of various gathering of sensory system. Progressively vlunerable regions are assume to be affected before to other people, the explanation AD smptoms show up in various districts in a successive request and consistency, in spite of the fact that meachnism is ineffectively comprehended. Out of these early symtoms, one is olfactory impairement [12], which recommend olfactory framework is one of the early vlunerable district during AD movement. In this way finding the connection between's initial phenomen of APP preparing and one of ther prior vlunerable region of sensory system may prompt valueable bits of knowledge. This exploration has concentrated on APP preparing in fringe structures, the olfactory epithelium(OE), just as CNS structures liable for handling of approaching olfactory signals, for example, olfactory bulb(OB). The current examination discovered extraordinary APP preparing in OE that has essentialness in giving not just conceivable biomarkers (counting 25kDa, 55kDa and 80kDa) that can be utilized for screening and recognition of AD before plaque arrangement yet in addition for treatment reason. Moreover, PS2 expanded level was found in OE that perhaps engaged with special APP handling and may likewise be urgent for understanding the ÃŽ ³-secretase job and controlling AD through ÃŽ ³-secretase as a remedial objective. Table 1. Secretases answerable for APP handling. MATERIAL AND METHODS MATERIAL AND METHODS 1.1. Creature 1.1 .1. Transgenic Alzheimer’s ailment model Tg2576 mice In this investigation, heterozygous Tg2576 mice were utilized, which express a human amyloid-ÃŽ ² forerunner protein (APP) variation connected to Alzheimer’ sickness, as created and portrayed already [21].Age-coordinated non-transgenic littermates were filled in as wild-type control. Every creature test were endorsed and led as per rules of Ethic Committee of Seoul National University DGIST. Transgenic Alzheimer’s sickness model Tg6799 mice Another AD model utilized in this examination was Tg6799 mice, which communicates human amyloid forerunner protein (APP) with three familial Alzheimer’s sickness point transformations and two human presenilin1 changes consequently known as 5x FAD mice. Both of these change types basically add to expanded creation of Aî ²42 [22]. Age-coordinated non-transgenic littermates were filled in as wild-type control. Every creature analyze were endorsed and led as per rules of Ethic Committee of Seoul National University DGIST. Table2. Transgenic models utilized for this investigation. Olfactory social examination Food covered, conduct test was performed to gauge the mice smell capacity to locate a covered food pellet utilizing olfactory prompts as recently portrayed [23] [24] [25] [26]. Olfactory test was taken indiscriminately without uncovering any genotypic data of mice previously and during the trial. Mice were denied of food around 35 hours with free access to water. Prior to beginning the test, adjustment time was given 5~10 min to let them adjust in new arranged pen with new sheet material. This progression was significant for mice to be adjusted to the new condition with the goal that they would ready to concentrate on discovering food in another condition. Comparable enclosure were set up with bedding material profundity around 5 cm and food pellet was covered 2.5 cm underneath the surface. Idleness or cut-off time ~15 min greatest was given to every mouse to discover covered food. Idleness time was recorded, as time between mouse embedded into the confine and getting a handle on the food pellet, accurately utilizing video following programming and framework (EthoVision xt 9).

New Student Series Part 5 Vipul Nanda COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Series Part 5 Vipul Nanda COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Please say hello to Vipul Nanda, our next student in our new-student introduction series.  Vipul is from New Delhi, India, and received his admissions letter at 5:00 a.m. He immediately  contacted his parents and brother to give them the good news before falling back asleep. By the time he was ready for the workday, there was nothing you could do to remove the smile from his lips as he thought about the opportunities that awaited him at SIPA. Read the rest of his story below. Full Name: Vipul Nanda Program: Master of International Affairs Concentration: International Security Policy Specialization:  International Conflict Resolution Anticipated Graduation Year: 2017 Hometown: New Delhi, India Undergraduate university, major and graduation year: Delhi University, Business Economics (Honors), 2011 What’s your professional background? I worked with the Development Advisory Services of Ernst Young (EY), India for 3 years and 8 months. Our work focused primarily on the not-for-profit sector. During my tenure at EY, I worked on issues, such as aid effectiveness, human rights, governance across Afghanistan, Bangladesh and India. My work involved internal control reviews, monitoring and  evaluation, documentation for clients including UNDP, UN Women, SIDA, GFATM, etcetera. Did you apply to SIPA to change careers or to gain experience in a career path you already have experience in? It’s a combination of both; a change in career and to gain experience in my current career. In my professional career I haven’t worked on projects pertaining to international security. However, my professional experiences provided me with an understanding of the vulnerable socio-economic-cultural fabric of conflict-afflicted countries. What was your reaction when you found out you were accepted to SIPA? I was sleeping when I received an email notification from Columbia at five  in the morning!! It was with great anxiety I logged on to the website and saw the result. The first reaction was a deep sigh of relief â€" vindication of the hard work I had put in in the last few years. I informed my parents, who were in Sri Lanka for a vacation and my brother in USA, and went back to sleep. However, the entire day at the office, I couldn’t stop myself from smiling continuously. Why did you say yes to SIPA? Location and curriculum!! The unparalleled exposure which NYC would provide and the comprehensive course list catering to my requirements were the two primary reasons I opted for SIPA. What do you most look forward to as a graduate student at SIPA? I most look forward to taking courses from my specialization and concentration. These courses cover topics which have captivated me for the last so many years, and consequently, I have been desirous of studying them for the last 5-6 years. Do you have any apprehensions about starting graduate school? There is just a lot of excitement!! Being an international student, I am looking forward to the challenges involved in settling in a new city. What are your goals after SIPA? I want to work at an international non-profit organization working in field of conflict resolution. If you could change one small thing about your community, country or the world, what would it be? I want my community, country and the world to believe more in themselves and in their ability to achieve what they want. Tell us something interesting about yourself: According to my friends, I resemble Chetan Bhagat (an Indian author). If youd like to participate in the series, please email us at  sipa_new@columbia.edu  to share your personal admissions story,  what your summer vacation will entail/did entail, or anything else you think your peers would enjoy reading about! You may submit a blog post of your choosing, or submit the  New Student Survey  with pre-populated questions to get you started. And don’t forget  to submit  a photo or two to help us visualize your story! (And when your post is published, Ill also tag you on social media if you include your  profile  URLs.)

Is Email a Marketing Strategy or Tactic Essay - 275 Words

Is Email a Marketing Strategy or Tactic? (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Tutor:Institution:Date:Is Email a Marketing Strategy or Tactic?Electronic mail, commonly known as email, has in the recent past offered a more personalized means of correspondence among people in different spheres in life. Ordinarily, user receives emails meaning that such communication had been directly sent to them. This can be translated to more significance being accorded to those receiving as contrasted to their counterparts who do not. In addition to the aforementioned receivers of mails tend to spend more time going through the emails than visiting other social networking sites and there are likelihoods of trust building between the sender and the receiver since the same is being done frequently. Safko (298) notes that majority of the individuals to open their emails from a maximum of sixteen advisers.Factually, the number of social media users is by far greater than that on email users. More importantly, the greatest percentage of individuals visit their email daily but shift to social networking sites as well as keeping up with their followers and posts. It is also imperative noting that email is a favorite to the older internet users, with 60% on the daily online adults sending and receiving mails. This statistic therefore raises the flag that companied have to take into consideration the audience they are targeting (Jenkins 5). Furthermore, in the event that marketing is targeting the older cliental base, any company will be undeniably focusing on that group of individuals who are in possession of a greater amount of income as well as financial stability. Since this g...

The Death Toll Of The Genocide - 852 Words

The crime of committing, destroying, or trying to destroy the existence of a group of people because of their racial (whose identity is defined by physical), national (whose identity is defined by a common country of nationality or national origin), ethnic (whose identity is defined by physical characteristics), or religious group (whose identity is defined by common religious creeds, beliefs, practices, or rituals), is known as genocide, and this term did not exist before 1944. Usually the death toll of the genocide is in thousands and in some cases in millions. According to the Canadian scholars, Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn, they have identified four main types of genocide: first, Ideological: this type of genocide is committed in an effort to achieve an ideal social structure in which all members of society are alike or hold the same belief. For example the Armenian genocide in 1915, when the leaders of the Turkish government killed over 1.5 millions of Turkey’s Armenian s living in the Ottoman Empire. Also, Cambodian, and Jews/Roma in Germany. Second type, Retributive: this genocide mostly to occur when one group dominates another group and fears its rebellion or when the other group actually rebels. For example the genocide in Rwanda in 1994, when members of the Hutu ethnic majority in Rwanda murdered as many as 800,000 people, mostly of the Tutsi minority. The third type is Developmental: usually the government use this type of genocide against the native people toShow MoreRelatedEssay about Democratic Republic of Congo Holocaust922 Words   |  4 Pages The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Holocaust was the bloodiest war fought. This was due to the death toll, possibly larger than that of the Holocaust. Between 1998 and 2007, there were a total of 5.4 million people dead. 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African Americans Fighting For Their Rights Essay

African Americans: Fighting For Their Rights During the mid 1950s to late 1960s African Americans started responding to the oppressive treatment shown to them by the majority of white people in the country. They responded to the segregation of blacks and whites during that time and the double standards the African Americans were held to. African Americans responded to their suppression by participating in boycotts, marches, sit-ins, and trying to get legislation passed so that they could overcome their degrading situation. They were successful in many of these actions and through them brought around more rights for African Americans. Boycotts were a major way that the African Americans got their voices and wants heard. The most famous†¦show more content†¦There were also boycotts of businesses where the segregation of African Americans was still very prevalent. Many of these boycotts were successful. The boycotts caused enough financial difficulties that the segregated businesses either had to close or integrate. Dine rs where African Americans had to sit separate from white people or where African Americans weren’t served at all were boycotted against as well until that diner served African Americans and allowed them to sit wherever they wanted and with whomever they wanted. Diners also faced the difficulty of sit-ins if they refused to serve African Americans. In Greensboro, North Carolina, a black college student named Joseph McNeill was refused service at the counter of a restaurant. The next day he and three of his friends came and sat at the lunch counter waiting to be served. They weren’t served that day. The four of them returned to the lunch counter each day, but were never served. 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As time progressed, the colonies gained their independence from Britain but many African Americans remained enslavedRead MoreSojourner Truth And Maya Angelou Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagesand Sojourner Truth led parallel fights for African American equality. Despite living in different time periods, both of these women laid the groundwork for activists to come. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797, she later escaped which led her to become an abolitionist to fight for the freedom of others. Maya Angelou was born almost 150 years later in 1928, and faced much of the same hate-fuelled racism. Living in the south during the Civil Rights Era pushed Angelou to become an activist

Sub Saharan Afric Poverty And Hunger Essay - 2545 Words

Sarah Coughenour Crowell Sophomore English 14 April 2016 Sub-Saharan Africa: Poverty and Hunger All around the world, many countries are suffering from poverty and hunger. This problem can be caused by harmful economic systems, environmental factors, and past leadership. In sub-Saharan Africa, the history and demography are very interesting. By learning more about the history and demography one will become more interested in these similar countries because of the surprising facts that will be uncovered. Beginning with demography, the population of sub-Saharan Africa is 973.4 million individuals. Sub-Saharan Africa averaged about 239 million people that were hungry or malnourished in 2010 (Africa Hunger and Poverty Facts). The largest proportion of its population is malnourished, meaning one out of three people are starving. In 2008, 47 percent of the population lived on $1.25 or less every day (Africa Hunger and Poverty Facts). The sub-Saharan has had the largest population growth rate and has grown from 221 million to 1 billion. The region of sub-Saharan Africa began with the Bantu. Bantu has migrated into almost every region in sub-Saharan. The Bantu migrations helped out with the agriculture process. Sixteen ministries were included in the Mossi when the Bantu migrated there. Jrank articles say, â€Å"Sunjata, a Mali king, created the system of government.† The hybrid civilizations began to evolve into centralized monarchies. There has been a total of ten mass killings and

Electronic Health Records ( Ehr ) And The American...

Introduction With the advent of electronic health records (EHR’s) and The American Recovery Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, electronic health records have become main stream and a requirement for healthcare providers who treat Medicaid and Medicare patients. An electronic health record (EHR) is a digital version of a patient’s paper chart (Health IT, n.d.). EHRs are real-time, patient-centered records that make information available instantly and securely to authorized users. A portion of ARRA provides reimbursements to providers that have EHR’s that are certified for meaningful use. Certified EHR’s meet meaningful use requirements by meeting the government the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH)†¦show more content†¦Today, the patient will visit the same doctor and the doctor will enter the data into a tablet or pc. The EHR is a designed very similar to the paper chart, but is programmed to collect and seg regate the information in different formats to transmit securely to the necessary partners. Those partners include insurance carriers, public health entities, clearinghouses, laboratories, and pharmacist. This data is collected and stored on secure servers. In most EHR’s today, a doctor who has a private practice, and maybe affiliated with a hospital has the ability to allow the hospital to access a patient’s record, if that patient has agreed to release their information to the hospitals. So if the patient is taken to the local hospital, the hospital can have access to the patient’s records if an authorization is in place. The EHR will not only collect the patient medical information, it will track the medical information. Providers are required to secure the information and track the medical records activity via a built-in audit system that will show the medical records history and the name of all parties that access the patient’s records. Poor E HR system design and improper use can cause EHR-related errors that jeopardize the integrity of the information in the EHR, leading to errors that endanger patient safety or decrease the quality of care. These unintended consequences also may increase fraud and abuse and can have

Back to the Future Past, Present, and Future Free Essays

string(56) " and all the way to 2015; the past, present and future\." Jeff Harber Professor Barnaby Palmer GLA 618 OL1: Film Music History 6 December 2012 Back to the Future: Past, Present, and Future Whether you are a movie buff or just a dude from the 80’s, there is a good chance you have seen the classic movie â€Å"Back to the Future. † Accompanied by an iconic cast and crew, the movie garnered so much popularity, Universal Studios pumped out three installments of the Trilogy –†Back to the Future 1, 2, and 3. With Steven Spielberg’s and Robert Zemeckis’ stamp, Back to the Future not only launched Michael J. We will write a custom essay sample on Back to the Future: Past, Present, and Future or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fox’s career, but undoubtedly changed movies forever. There is much to discuss and analyze about all three installments. These would include actor choices, spotting, direction, acting, and most importantly the soundtrack and musical choices for all 3. Considering all 3 movie plots jump from decade to decade, it can be analyzed literally from past, present, and future. Inevitably, Back to the Future’s success also led to several video game launches, a ride at Universal Studios in Hollywood and Orlando, an animated series, and even a comic book. Let’s go back to the year 1985, you and your bodacious friends want to hang ten with the dudes, so you guys catch a flick at the local cineplex. Your choices are Mask, Teen Wolf, or Back to the Future. You mean the guy from Family Ties? So you take your chances on Back to the Future. Good choice! Of all things, Eric Stolz, the main actor in Mask, was originally cast for the role of Marty Mcfly when production of Back to the Future began on November 26,1984. Stoltz was filmed for four weeks, but after seeing a rough cut, Steven Spielberg and the writer/directors decided that Stoltz had played the role â€Å"too seriously† for a comedy, and he was replaced by Michael J. Fox (Futurepedia). Back To The Future was written by Bob Gale and Robert Zemeckis, and mainly starred Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd. The movie opened on July 3, 1985 and grossed $210 million at the US box office, making it the highest grossing film of 1985 (IMDb). The basic synopsis of Back to the Future 1, is about a young man named Marty Mcfly who accidentally travels into the past and jeopardizes his own future existence. With the help of an eccentric local scientist named Dr. Emmett L. Brown, he manages to travel back in time via a time machine made from a DeLorean. This was done by breaking the time barrier in what was called temporal displacement allowing it to travel along the space-time continuum. When the first script was made, a refrigerator was the planned prop for the time machine. Later Steven Spielberg decided he didn’t want kids trapped inside their refrigerators trying to play time traveling games (Funtrivia). Done carefully, Bones Howe (music supervisor) and Alan Silvestri (composer) gathered an array of perfectly fit songs to cater both the 1950’s as well as the 1980’s. The movie jumps from decade to decade throughout the movie, and makes it apparent when it does. The movie starts out when Marty is late for school, he gets on his skateboard and we hear a fantastic song by Huey Lewis and the News, the â€Å"Power of Love. Later in the movie, we hear another solid track by Huey Lewis entitled â€Å"Back in Time. † By the way, Huey Lewis makes a cameo as a judge. When Marty tries out for the school competition, Huey says, â€Å"hold it. hold it†¦ I’m afraid you are just too darn loud. † This is also considered diagetic mus ic in the film. Marty’s first time travel sent him to the year 1955. Marty, immediately, arrives at the Twin Pines Ranch, which was owned by Otis Peabody. Marty crashes into the barn on Mr. Peabody’s property which causes the entire Peabody family to wake up and come outside. Marty encounters many differences between 1985 and 1955, including a cleaner, less run-down ambiance in the Courthouse Square. While searching for a younger Doc Brown, he meets his father and accidentally interferes with the first meeting of his parents–being hit by his grandfather’s Chevrolet in his father’s place. While in the 1950’s, some of the songs we hear are such great classics â€Å"Night Train† by Marvin Berry, â€Å"Earth Angel (Will You Be Mine)† by Marvin Berry, â€Å"Wallflower† by Etta James, and â€Å"Johnny B. Goode† by Chuck Berry aka Marty Mcfly. Some people complained that Back to the Future was a racist movie because Chuck Berry was inspired by a white guy. Sometimes a joke is just a joke; but Chuck Berry liked it. (Davis). Finally we have the sensational score by Alan Silvestri. At times the score is adventurous, and at times it’s sad. The spotting is done just right to balance the dynamics of the movie. Also, there is a leitmotif that accompanies the movie, in fact, it accompanies all 3 movies of the trilogy, and never goes unnoticed. Upon the success of the first film, Robert Zemeckis (director) and Bob Gale (writer) agreed to do a 2nd movie. In fact, they also intended on a 3rd movie, and both the 2nd and 3rd Back to the Future were filmed simultaneously and released six months apart. Back to the Future 2, with a budget of $40 million, grossed nearly $331 million at the box office (IMDb). The characters of George Mcfly and Jennifer Parker were played by different actors from those in the first film, requiring scenes that overlap to be re-shot. Jennifer Parker which was originally played by Claudia Wells, and replaced by Elisabeth Shue in the second film. Claudia claims she turned the roll down when she found out her mother was diagnosed with cancer (Futurepedia). George Mcfly, who was originally played by the quirky Crispin Glover, was later replaced by Jeffrey Weissman. Crispin Glover refused to return to the trilogy due to salary disputes. Back to the Future 2 pans back and forth from 1955, to 1985, and all the way to 2015; the past, present and future. You read "Back to the Future: Past, Present, and Future" in category "Essay examples" Needless to say, Bob Gale and Zemeckis attempted to predict what 2015 would like and sound like. Some songs used in the 2015 scenes, were â€Å"Beat it† by Michael Jackson, â€Å"I Can’t Drive 55† by Sammy Hagar, â€Å"Mr. Sandman† by The Four Aces, and â€Å"Papa Loves Mambo† by the Perry Como. The filmmakers did do some research into what scientists thought may occur in the year 2015. Bob Gale also commented; â€Å"We knew we weren’t going have flying cars by the year 2015, but God we had to have those in our movie. â€Å"(Q A) The film was also considered one of the most ground-breaking projects for Industrial Light Magic. It was one of the effects house’s first forays into digital compositing, as well as the VistaGlide motion control camera system, which enabled them to shoot one of the film’s most complex sequences, in which Michael J. Fox played three separate characters, all of whom interacted with each other. Although such scenes were not new, the VistaGlide allowed, for the first time, a completely dynamic scene in which camera movement could finally be incorporated. The technique was also used in scenes where Thomas F. Wilson’s character (Biff Tannen) had to interact with a younger version of himself. (Zemeckis) Six months after Back to the Future 2 was released in the theaters, the Back to the Future team released Back to the Future 3 on May 25, 1990. Again on a budget of $40 million, this one cashed in at $244 Million. The film takes place immediately after the events of Back to the Future Part II. While stranded in 1955, Marty McFly discovers that his friend Dr. Emmett â€Å"Doc† Brown was killed by Biff Tannen’s great-grandfather Buford. Marty decides to travel to 1885 to rescue Doc and return to his own timeline. This time, Alan Silvestri had to create his soundtrack based in the year 1885. However, he still maintained the leitmotif throughout the picture. The years 1985 and 1955 are still relevant in the 3rd movie, and it jumps around. The popular group ZZ Top make an appearance, as they perform â€Å"Doubleback† during a festival in 1885. This was also considered diagetic —-performed for the actors and the audience to hear. Huey Lewis’ â€Å"Power of Love† is also heard again. In 1989, a video game, based on the original Back to the Future movie was produced for the 8-bit Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) by video game publisher LJN a subsidiary of Acclaim games. This has some similarity to the 1983 Atari video game E. T. where producers felt it would sell solely on brand association to the hit movie and the game designers were only given five weeks in order to produce a product to get it on the shelves for the 1982 Christmas shopping rush. Reviewers also cited that game as virtually unlike the film and was a major contributor to an economic downturn known as the Great Video Game Crash of 1983. There are only two songs found in the entire game. One is â€Å"Johnny B. Goode† which will play during the school dance that Marty is playing on stage and sounds close to the version heard in the film. The other song is a repetitive looping song that will play throughout the game in non-mini game moments. There are suggestions that the song is supposed to be â€Å"The Power Of Love† by Huey Lewis ; The News sped up and cycled differently. But it winds up sounding nothing like the actual song made famous in the movie. Nes also later released Back to the Future 2 and 3 as a single game in 1990. Back to the Future II ; III received largely negative reviews from critics. Stan Stepanic of Gamefreaks365. om gave the game positive remarks in regards to similarities with The Goonies II, but gave it a largely negative review due to the lack of a password or save feature coupled with its notorious length, although there was a code to skip to the second half of the game. Back to the Future II ; III’s length has often been cited as the game’s major weakness, Stan stating that it took him roughly six hours just to map it, and he spent so much time trying to finish it he act ually turned it off out of boredom. (Gamefreaks). Sega Genesis also released their own version of Back to the Future 3 in 1991. It was a lot different than the Nintendo version. However, it was just as unpopular, the opening level was nearly impossible to complete. Finally in 2010, Telltale Games released Back to the Future on PC and Mac; and later was also released on the Ipad and Playstation 3. This was given way better reviews than the predecessors, and remains the best game of yet. Ben PerLee from GameZone summarized his praise of the game by saying it is a â€Å"feel good cinematic experience that any fan of Back to the Future will want to check out, and everyone else would do well to check it out. GameZone) Back to the Future: The Animated Series was an animated series based on the Back to the Future trilogy as well. The series lasted two seasons, each lasting 13 episodes, and ran on CBS from September 7, 1991 to November 28, 1992, the date of the last original episode. Harvey Comics also published a series of Back to the Future comic books starting in November 1991. With the cover header reading †Å"The Adventure Has Only Begun! ,† the first issue featured Doc Marty in 1927 Chicago. On May 2,1991 the Universal Studios Theme park in Florida released Back To The Future: The Ride. It was a simulator ride based on the popular movie trilogy of the same name. It was a mini-sequel to Back to the Future Part III. Later at Universal Studios Hollywood, they opened the same ride on June 12, 1993 ; and then at Universal Studios Japan on March 31, 2001. The Orlando and Hollywood versions closed in 2007 (Futurepedia). Although Back to the Future creators Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale had no involvement with the ride, they were consulted as to whether they â€Å"got Doc right†. The two responded with a â€Å"yes†. They have also commented that â€Å"it’s a great ride. In addition, references are made to a â€Å"Zemeckis-Gale diagram† and â€Å"Gale-Zemeckis Coordinates (Giveneyestosee) With the huge success of the Back to the Future Trilogy, you can see where a simple idea can turn into a big one. When you take risks on a new actor, and stamp something with a touch of great directing, production, and a great score —- you never know what could happen. Back to the Future will always remain a classic no matter what generation it leads to; whether it be 1955,1985, or even 2015. Works Cited â€Å"Back to the Future II III Review. Review. Gamefreaks365, n. d. Web. 6 Dec. 2012. â€Å"Back to the Future Part II. † IMDb. IMDb. com, n. d. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. â€Å"Back to the Future: The Ride. † FuturePedia. Wikia, n. d. Web. 6 Dec. 2012. â€Å"Back to the Future: The Ride. † Giveneyestosee. N. p. , n. d. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. â€Å"BTTF Trilogy. † The â€Å"Back To The Future† Trilogy. Funtrivia, n. d. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. â€Å"Claudia Wells. † Futurepedia. Wikia, n. d. Web. 6 Dec. 2012. Davis, Cindy. â€Å"Pajiba. † Mindhole Blowers: 20 Facts About Back to the Future That Might Make Your Flux Capacitor Hit 1. 21 Gigawatts. N. p. , n. d. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. â€Å"Futurepedia. † Futurepedia. Wikia, n. d. Web. 6 Dec. 2012. IMDb. IMDb. com, n. d. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. PerLee, Ben. â€Å"Back to the Future: The Game Review. † Back to the Future – The Game Review. GameZone, 28 Dec. 2010. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. â€Å"QA Commentary with Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale, Back to the Future Part II Blu-Ray, 2010. † Interview. DVD Blu Ray. N. d. Television. Robert Zemeckis, Bob Gale (2005). Back to the Future Feature: Making the Trilogy Part 2. Los Angeles: Universal Pictures. N. d. Television. How to cite Back to the Future: Past, Present, and Future, Essay examples

Comparison Of Martin Luther King Jr And Malcom X Essay Example For Students

Comparison Of Martin Luther King Jr And Malcom X Essay Comparison Of Martin Luther King Jr And Malcom X Essay They were black men who had a dream, but never lived to see it fulfilled. One was a man who spoke out to all humanity, but the world was not yet ready for his peaceful words. I have a dream, a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed that all men are created equal. (Martin Luther King) The other, a man who spoke of a violent revolution, which would bring about radical change for the black race. Anything you can think of that you want to change right now, the only way you can do it is with a ballot or a bullet. And if youre not ready to get involved with either one of those, you are satisfied with the status quo. That means well have to change you. (Malcom X) While Martin Luther King promoted non-violence, civil rights, and the end to racial segregation, a man of the name of Malcom X dreamed of a separate nation. Martin Luther King, Jr. was the conscience of his generation. A Southerner, a black man, he gazed upon the great wall of segregation and saw that the power of love could bring it down. From the pain and exhaustion of his fight to free all people from the bondage of separation and injustice, he wrung his eloquent statement of what America could be. (Ansboro, pg.1) An American clergyman and a Nobel Peace Prize winner, he was one of the principle leaders of the American Civil Rights Movement and a prominent advocate of nonviolent protest. Kings challenges to segregation and racial discrimination in the 1950s and 1960s, helped convince many white Americans to support the cause of civil rights in the United States. After his assassination in 1968, King became the symbol of protest in the struggle for racial justice. (;King, Martin Luther, Jr.,; pg. 1) In 1964, Malcom X founded an organization called ;The Muslim Mosque, Inc. In an interview conducted by A. B. Spellman on March 19, 1964, Malcom speaks of his goals for this organization. ;The Muslim Mosque, Inc. will have as its religious base the religion of Islam, which will be designed to propagate the moral reformations necesary to up the level of the so-called Negro community by eliminating the vices and other evils that destroy the moral fiber of the community. But the political philosophy of the Muslim Mosque will be black nationalism, as well as the social and economic philosophies. We still believe in the Honorable Elijah Muhammands solution as complete separation. The 22 million so-called Negroes should be separated completely from America and should be permitted to go back home to our native African homeland. (Breitmaned, pgs. 5-6) Perhaps the key to these two African-Americans leaders opposing goals lay within their very different pasts. Malcom X was born in Omaha as Malcom Little. Malcoms faith, a Baptist minister was an outspoken follower of Marcus Garvey, the black nationalist leader of the 1920s. The family moved to Lansing, Michigan, and when Malcom was six years old, his father was murdered after receiving threats from the Ku Klux Klan. Malcoms mother suffered a nervous breakdown and her eight children were taken by the welfare department. Malcom was sent first to a foster home and then to a reform school. After 8th grade, Malcom moved to Boston where he worked various jobs and eventually became involved in criminal activity. (Malcom X, pg.1) In 1946, he was sentenced to prison for burglary. While in prison, Malcom became invested in the teachings of Elijah Muhammed, the leader of the black Muslims also called the Nation of Islam. .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7 , .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7 .postImageUrl , .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7 , .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7:hover , .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7:visited , .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7:active { border:0!important; } .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7:active , .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7 .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uefe2dfed0df80be9f9328dedcff925e7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Marilyn Monroe Essay Malcom spent his time in jail educating himself and learning more about the black Muslims, who advocated racial separation. When Malcom was released in 1952, he joined a black Muslim temple in Detroit and became the most prominent spokesperson for the Nation of Islam by the early 1960s. It was then that he took the name of Malcom X. (Malcom, pg.1) Martin Luther King was born in Alanta, Georgia, the eldest son of Martin Luther King, Sr., a Baptist minister, and Alberta Williams King. King attended local segregated public schools, .

The Manifestation Of Sin The Scarlet Letter Essay Example For Students

The Manifestation Of Sin The Scarlet Letter Essay The Scarlet Letter is a book of much symbolism. One of the most complex and misunderstood symbols in the book is Pearl, the daughter of Hester Prynne. Throughout the story Pearl develops into a prominent symbol of the â€Å"A†. In this essay the example of symbolism Pearl comes to represent will be explained. In the Scarlet Letter, Hester, for her sins, received a scarlet letter, â€Å"A† which she had to wear upon her chest for the rest of her life in Boston. This was the Puritan way of punishing her for her then criminal action of adultery. She wondered the streets to be given sour looks from all. This eventually caused so much mental and physical anguish that she eventually questioned why she should live if it weren’t for her Pearl. Pearl was a bundle of life sent from god to remind her of her wrong doing each and every moment and as a walking sermon to preach against sin for others. Hester’s wasted life the ultimate price that Hester paid for Pearl. With Pearl, Hester’s life was almost never filled with joy, but instead a constant reminder of the harsh word adultery. We will write a custom essay on The Manifestation Of Sin The Scarlet Letter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Pearl would also make her own â€Å"A† to wear, and sometimes she played games wither her mother’s trying to hit it with rocks. When Hester would go into the town with Pearl, the other children would make fun of her and Pearl and would yell and throw dirt at them. So in this case, Pearl symbolized the decimation of Hester’s life and mental state. Although Hester had so much trouble with Pearl, she still felt that Pearl was her ultimate treasure. Pearl was really the only thing that Hester had in life. Surely if Pearl wasn’t in Hester’s life, Hester would have taken her own life. Once and a while, Pearl would bring joy to Hester’s life, and that helped her to bare the guilt, lonesomeness, and isolation that became the main theme of her life. Pearl could be compared to weather, sometimes good, sometimes bad, but always changing. It was Pearl’s pounding storms that gave Hester so much grief. Pearl’s exuberant personality caused Puritans to believe she was a child of witchcraft and a mischievous little elf. But basically she represented everything that was the exact opposite of Puritan belief. Pearl’s taunting and malice disposition sometimes even caused Hester to make outbursts like â€Å"Thou art not my child! Thou art no Pearl of mine! † Some would believe the â€Å"A† stood for anti-puritan for her wild soul could never be confined by the rules of the conservative Puritan Society. One final way in which Pearl symbolized something in the novel was with her association with the scarlet letter. Pearl really was the scarlet letter, â€Å"a manifestation of sin†, because if Pearl would had never been born, Hester would not had to wear that burden upon her chest. Without that burden Hester would have led a much better life then the one she had throughout the novel. In conclusion, Pearl was an example of an underdog that ends up winning the fight no matter that all odds are against them. She still pulled through a winner despite the Puritans view. She herself knew she was above them so did the author Hawthorne. You could tell as you read her dialogue, and description. She was intelligent, inquisitive, and full of free thought; all things tied together makes for a complex person and a content one. But her main achievement would have to be being a source of survival for Hester.

Introduction To The Western Civilization Essay Topics

Introduction To The Western Civilization Essay TopicsIf you are to go abroad and take up the role of a student or an entry-level worker in a western civilization college, then you will surely have to face the problem of the essay topics. That is the thing you need to prepare first. A brief background about western civilization is needed for this. The principal difference is that there was never a civilization that is synonymous with Japan or China.It is all the same stuff, but in Canadian schools, for example, students would not get to participate in Indian films. If you were to ask what is the significance of Western civilization, it is all about values, attitudes, and the kind of society people hold. Hence, the way of life that they live in Canada will be different from that of the people in China.It is something that we all remember when we are young and start our elementary school education, but we rarely recall during the final exams or examinations. While we would tell them abo ut the environmental impact on the environment, the enormous numbers of earthquakes and other natural disasters, and the economic problems and shortages that resulted from the recession and the global economic downturn. After all, we are taught at school and at colleges to concentrate on the curriculum and the subjects related to the subject, but the essay topics can change the perspective of the students.People who are studying and learning about western civilization would love to know if it has changed. There are other aspects that could also be studied, such as the political issues, civil liberties, political rhetoric, and religion. That is why essay topics are being considered in this respect. If you think you would want to look into these topics more deeply, then western civilization essay topics will make this possible.If you are not yet getting educated about the history of the civilizations, then you will feel strange about studying history. This is because we all know that we lived in a completely different culture in the past. However, you do not have to feel like a foreigner when you graduate from high school or college. We all learned English in school and learned to speak properly and confidently.You can discover the true meaning of western civilization by reading books on the topic. It can be difficult to study the subject in class, so if you do not have access to the resources, then an online guide for western civilization is a good idea. You will learn what is going on in the world today and what the possible outcome of the current situation is.Remember that you can always avail of these essay topics, once you have already taken up the role of a student or an entry-level worker in a western civilization college. If you want to learn more about the subject, you may try to go on a university website and check out the history and other topics related to the subject. However, if you just want to find out the question that is involved, then a few ma terials online could provide you with the answer. Whatever the case, the topic of western civilization essay topics is often the most important part of the essay.

Catcher in the Rye - chapter analysis essays

Catcher in the Rye - chapter analysis essays English Journal The Catcher in the Rye In the two opening chapters we are introduced to Holden Caulfield and his life at Pencey High. This is all about to end due to his failure in 4/5 subjects. My initial reaction to Holdens personality was that he had a very negative view on many things happening in his life, for example the football game he was watching and the teacher Mr. Spencer. Holden also introduces his view on phonies. I find Holden to be a very depressing character that doesnt really care about life or school, this is seen when he fails an essay. However when talking with Mr. Spencer we see another side to Holdens personality when he attempts to console the teacher by saying it is him not the teaching that caused him to fail. I find it hard to grasp the actual storyline, as Holden seems to talk about many various subjects. In this chapter, I learn more about Holdens personality. He is quick to judge people, impulsive, contradictive, cynical and quite random. Holden introduces Robert Ackley, who he says is a phony moron and then describes Ward Strandler his roommate as a secret slob. I think this is a very negative way to view the people around him. Holden seems to be quick to judge people and appears quite childish for making such a fuss and taking everything so negatively. Although Holden despises Stradlater he agrees to write an English composition paper for him. I think this relates to chapter 2 when he talked with Mr. Spencer because yet again Holden is helping someone he doesnt like. This showed me that although quick to judge people, he does have some concern for others. In this chapter Jane Gallagher, and old friend to Holden, is also mentioned. I found the reaction from Holden strange because he couldnt decide whether or not to go meet and greet her. I would have expected him to gone to see his friend to at...

Tragedies and Tearjerkers - Top Ten Saddest Plays

Tragedies and Tearjerkers - Top Ten Saddest Plays The following list is a continuation of the Top Ten Saddest Plays Ever Written. You can read the entries #10 through #6 by checking out the beginning of the list. #5 - Medea Heres how Ancient History expert N. S. Gill describes the basic plot of Euripides Greek tragedy: Medea is a witch. Jason knows this, as do Creon and Glauce, but Medea seemed appeased, so when she presents a wedding gift to Glauce of a dress and crown, Glauce accepts them. The theme is familiar from the death of Hercules. When Glauce puts on the robe it burns her flesh. Unlike Hercules, she dies. Creon dies, too, trying to help his daughter. So far the motives and reactions seem understandable, but then Medea does the unspeakable. In the gruesome tragedy Medea, the title character, murders her own children. However, before she can be punished, Helios sun chariot swoops down and she flies off into the sky. So in a sense, the playwright creates a double tragedy. The audience witnesses a tragic act, and subsequently witnesses the escape of the perpetrator. The murderer does not get her comeuppance, thereby infuriating the audience all the more. #4 - The Laramie Project The most tragic aspect of this play is that it is based upon a true story. The Laramie Project is a documentary-styled play that analyzes the death of Matthew Shepard, an openly gay college student who was brutally murdered because of his sexual identity. The play was created by playwright/director Moisà ©s Kaufman and members of the Tectonic Theater Project. The theater group traveled from New York to the town of Laramie, Wyoming - just four weeks after the death of Shepard. Once there, they interviewed dozens of townspeople, collecting a wide array of different perspectives. The dialogue and monologues which comprise The Laramie Project are taken from interviews, news reports, courtroom transcripts, and journal entries. Kaufmann and his team of activists turned their journey into a theatrical experiment that is as innovative as it is heart wrenching. Learn more about this play. #3 - Long Days Journey into Night Unlike the other dramas mentioned on the list, no character dies during the course of the play. Yet, the family in Eugene ONeills Long Days Journey into Night is in a state of constant mourning, lamenting lost happiness as they reflect upon how their lives could have been. We can tell within the first few exchanges of Act One, this family has grown accustomed to harsh criticism as default form of communication. Disappointment runs deep, and although the father spends a great deal of time and energy complaining about his sons failures, at times the young men are their own harshest critics. Read more about Eugene ONeills dramatic masterpiece. #2 - King Lear Every line of iambic pentameter in Shakespeares tale of an abused old king is so depressing and brutal that theater producers in the Victorian Age would allow substantial changes to the plays ending in order to give audiences something slightly more upbeat. Throughout this classic drama, the audience wants to simultaneously slap and embrace King Lear. You want to smack him because he is too stubborn to acknowledge the ones who truly love him. And you want to hug him because he is so misguided and so easily fooled, he allows the evil characters to take advantage of him then abandon him to the storm. Why does it rank so high on my list of tragedies? Perhaps its simply because I am a father, and I cant imagine my daughters sending me out into the cold. (Fingers crossed they are kind to me in my old age!) #1 - Bent This play by Martin Sherman may not be as widely read as the other tragedies previously mentioned, but because of its intense, realistic depiction of concentration camps, execution, anti-Semitism, and homophobia it deserves the highest place among the saddest plays in dramatic literature. Martin Shermans play is set in mid 1930s Germany, and centers around Max, a young gay man who is sent to a concentration camp. He pretends to be Jewish believing that he wont be persecuted as much as the homosexuals in the camp. Max undergoes extreme hardship and witnesses obscene horrors. And yet amid the abject cruelty he is still able to meet someone kind, a fellow prisoner with whom he falls in love. In spite all the barrage of hatred, torture, and indignity, the main characters are still able to mentally transcend their nightmarish surroundings at least for as long as they are together.

Global warming & human activities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global warming & human activities - Essay Example These alterations threaten to transform the global environment. As one author imagined it, â€Å"The year is 2035. In New York, palm trees line the Hudson River †¦ Phoenix is in its third week of temperatures over 130 degrees †¦ Holland is under water. Bangladesh has ceased to exist †¦ in central Europe and in the American Midwest, decades of drought have turned once fertile agricultural lands into parched deserts (Rifkin, 1988).† Composition of Greenhouse Gases Methane and carbon dioxide primarily constitute the greenhouse gases. They also consist of water vapor and trace amounts of other gases including ozone, nitrous oxide, and HCFCs. Greenhouse gases â€Å"trap† some of the sun’s infrared radiation within Earth’s atmosphere, similar to a greenhouse. As the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increase, they trap more of the sun’s heat in the earth’s atmosphere, which has a number of effects on the earth’s env ironment. Were it not for greenhouse gases, most of the sun’s energy would radiate back out into space, leaving the earth cold and lifeless with an average temperature of minus 18 degrees C (0.4 degrees Fahrenheit) (Miller). ... Increasing levels of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide (CO2 ), in the atmosphere since pre-industrial times have been well documented. There is no doubt this atmospheric buildup of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases is largely the result of human activities. Combined with unnaturally elevated levels of naturally occurring gases, global warming is exacerbated by anthropogenic emissions of additional greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. To illustrate the problem, under pre-Industrial Revolution conditions, global levels of carbon dioxide were around 275 parts per million (ppm). Carbon dioxide levels increased from 275 ppm to 346 ppm between 1860 and 1986, primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation (Flavind & Tunali, 1995). Plants convert carbon dioxide to oxygen and are one effective way to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Deforestation has resulted in a reduction in the carbon dioxide to oxygen conversion. It is estimated that deforestation co ntributes 1.0 to 2.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions annually (Oppenheimer & Boyle, 1990). It is thought that global levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will reach 550 ppm sometime between 2040 and 2100; however, most analysts believe those levels will be reached closer to the middle of the twenty-first century (Rifkin). It is estimated that over the next 100 years the temperature will increase about 1.98 degrees C (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit). Such a severe temperature change would most likely cause an increase in heat waves and drought, the spread of infectious diseases, and the disruption of ecosystems worldwide. Furthermore, increased global temperatures is causing the melting of ice in both polar regions, resulting in a rise in sea level, predicted by

The effects of Behaviour Management on Teaching and Learning in Essay

The effects of Behaviour Management on Teaching and Learning in Secondary Education - Essay Example It has been fundamentally inspired by this virtue of behaviour management that it has today emerged as one of the major elements adopted by teachers in the pedagogy education system with the intention of improving the behaviour of learners (Rogers, 2007, p. 1-27). Notably, as pedagogy deal with young minds which are again attributed with high instability and curiosity, making the learners focused on a particular subject becomes a noteworthy challenge. Hence, teachers can be benefitted by obtaining better control on the behavioural traits of the learners which can assist in motivating the students to enhance their behavioural skills and consequently, build their future career prospects. However, the application of behaviour management initiatives is subjected to various factors among which the learning environment is often argued as one of the most crucial elements (Fields, 2004, p. 4-8). As argued by Rogers (2007, p. 1-27), an effective learning environment needs to be developed with the aim of conveying the rights as well as the responsibilities that are necessary for generating better disciplined school and classroom atmosphere and therefore implementing effective behavioural management strategies. It is in this regard that teachers, when applying the theories of modern pedagogy, attempt to introduce as well as execute certain developing and disciplinary programs for the purpose of motivating the learners to develop behavioural traits, appropriate for their promising future (Rogers, 2007, p. 1-27). As can be observed, the major objective of behaviour management is to ensure that the learners are able to acquire appropriate qualities and knowledge in accordance with which they will be able to determine the differences between pessimistic and optimistic influencing factors. Along with developing the behavioural skills of learners, it is also essential that the teachers are equipped with effective behavioural factors in order to ensure that they are able to impa rt appropriate educational knowledge and develop their skills successfully to the desired level. Additionally, it has also been often argued that with the help of behavioural management, teachers can develop the perceptions as well as influence the conscience of the learners which can further contribute towards minimising the involvement of those learners in conducting any sort of anti-social activities (Rogers, 2007, p. 1-27). In other words, with the help of behavioural management, learners’ behavioural traits can be developed in a more responsible as well as conscious way. With this concern, this paper intends to discuss the importance of behaviour management. Moreover, the effects of behaviour management on teaching as well as learning will be taken into concern. In this regard, the effects of behaviour management will be analysed by considering certain important reports like Steer and Taylor Reports among others. Focus of Behaviour Management In the context of education system, behaviour management is often viewed to be an important practice and discipline for the development of positive attitudes, skills and behaviours of students or learners. This particular aspect is recognised to be dependent on various values as well as aims according to which the learning programs and policies are formulated

Lower And Higher Cognitive Processes

Lower And Higher Cognitive Processes In cognitive psychology, lower and higher cognitive processes are cognitive processes that governs the way different abilities, for example, perception; attention; thinking; problem solving, are being used. However, each of the processes has their unique characteristics when applying the abilities. Lower cognitive process occurs in an automated manner with lower level of consciousness while higher cognitive process exercises mental activities voluntary with controlled awareness. Nevertheless, this essay aspires to investigate the differences of each process through the introspection and examples in order to help us understand how different each process can be. The Use of Lower and Higher Cognitive Processes in Looking At Experiences Our brain lays two very important processes that govern different abilities, the higher and lower cognitive processes, in fact both processes have different characteristics that can be explicitly observed, while higher cognitive process have a more general, non-automatic, mediated memory, controlled awareness and constructive thinking characteristic, whereas, lower cognitive process a more specific, involuntary automated and unconscious characteristic, thus, lower cognitive processes are instructed and run by higher cognitive processes, (Kalyuga, 2009; Fernyhough, 1996). Nevertheless Stuart-Hamilton (1995) analysed that both lower and higher cognitive processes are linked processes as lower cognitive process is a simple and basic process which governs basics task, for example, pattern recognition, thus, with the incorporated information from the lower cognitive process, the higher cognitive process is in charge of the collection of the information. At the same time, there are differe nt levels of processes to process the received stimuli from the variety of analysing of sensory aspects to semantic and theoretical processing (Eysenck, 1990). In my past twenty-one years, I have experienced quite a number of events which are unforgettable while some were memorable and some were regrets and if there is a chance to turn the clock back to my young age, I will definitely change how I think and how I manage things. While advice was given from peers and matured people around me, I will end up deciding what I want the most and ignore what they have said when I was younger. Nevertheless, there were times where I will look into these experiences and ask myself questions like why do I want to do that and how did I manage to do it. When I was in primary school, I hate to do assignments so almost everyday after school, I will hide my assignments somewhere, places where it cannot be seen, for example, under my bed, behind the cardboard or mixing them with other books. When my mum comes back from work, I will usually say that there were no assignments for the day and I will be allowed to play at the playground or with my toys. The follo wing day, I will tell my teacher that I have forgotten to bring my assignments in order to get away and if the teacher asked again about the assignments, my answer will often be, I loss it and I cant find it anywhere, but the fact is, it is hidden somewhere. However, every half a year, my parents will receive a phone call from my teacher saying that I have not been hand up my assignments for the past few months and my mum will start searching my room. At my surprise, she is able to find most of the books and worksheets and I will be forced to finish all of them in one or two nights. This experience became a continuous cycle for few years of my primary school days. Looking back at my lower cognitive process during my experience, what I want to do is just purely playing and because of that reason, I can even hid and lie to my teachers and parents about it so that I am free from any assignments. I presume that my brain has a certain perception about assignments which causes me to run away from it and what I want is just to play and enjoy myself. According to Margaret (2005), the utilization of perception is through receiving a stimuli by a persons senses while prior knowledge is retrieved to facilitate interpretation. Thus, perception involved physical items where beliefs and concepts are involved about the items and the outlines are being maintained by memory (Hamlyn 1994). Nonetheless, the features of both the stimuli and the prior knowledge are combined by perception (Margaret, 2005). Symbolic activity is also a classification of percetion as a symbol represents something other than itself, in my case, assignments symbolises boredom (Sekular Blake, 1994). Perception is an active process as the perceiver needs to execute certain actions to perceive with the behaviour being steered by the process which motivates a higher level of activity, for example, when I receive my assignments, I will either choose to do it or hid it somewhere and not do it (Sekular Blake, 1994). This gave me an idea of why I will dislike studying so much and even though my parents know about what happened numerous times, I will still continue to do hide my assignments and run away from it. I start to look into the higher cognitive process about how it think during my experience for example, why will I choose to hid my assignments and what made me to have this thought in my mind, why do I hate studying and doing assignments so much and enjoy playing much more, why did I not think that my teacher will call my parents to inform them about the situation. According to Ruggiero (1998), thinking is engaging our minds whilst being in charge of its activity and it is a process that helps us to find an answer to a question, to come to a conclusion and to learn, however, consciousness is not often required to appear during the process of thinking. Making decisions and forming beliefs are part of the thinking where it helps us to eliminate our uncertainties while decision making helps us to reach our goals and our beliefs will determine the actions that are beneficial for us to reach the goal as belief allow us to believe very robustly about something which we determine that it is the truth (Baron, 2008). So for my experience, my belief has caused me to believe that assignments are boring and hiding it was the action that beneficial in order to escape from it. Resistance to change and stereotyping are two things that are in the thinking processes which are very subtle. According to Ruggiero (1998), resistance to change tends to ignore new concepts or procedures in seeing and doing things even before testing them fairly, thus, one of the reasons is laziness. Indeed, advice and even punishments were given to me but because of laziness in me, I ignored and continued my old ways. Whereas for stereotyping, generalization of concepts, locations and people, it creates a good environment for presorted, predetermined, prejudged ideas as each has a compartment for storage with no judgment being placed on (Ruggiero, 1998). Maybe my brain has already stereotyped assignments as boring when I was in school which made it hard to change my way of thinking. Due to my laziness, I end up scoring very badly for my Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) and I got into Normal Technical. When I was holding on to my result slip, I was very upset, angry with myself and I really regretted for not studying hard. My family will regularly have lunch with my parents friends on Sundays and I will naturally focus my attention on what they talking about and also listening and playing with the other children. However, they will often talk about their childrens study and their results, so when I hear anything about study I will fully focus on what they were saying while ignoring others. And when it was about the PSLE and what school their child got in, I felt very embarrass, I felt that I let my parents down and I caused them to feel embarrass when they talk about me so I will walk away and do something else. During this period, I loss my confidence is doing things and I had a low self-esteem which caused me to think that I am not as smart as anyone a round me. But as the time goes by and I grew older, I start to learn to cope with my own thoughts and not judging myself on who I am according to how smart I am academically and understanding that I am good with other things. I was even determined to do my O levels and send overseas for two years to complete United Kingdoms General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) and I scored fairly well. I was surprise on how I can divide my attention to focused to what the adults were talking while I play with other kids and when I hear about PSLE results, I am able to focus on what the adults have to say and unconsciously ignoring any other messages around the environment. I believe that it is caused by the sensitivity level about the topic which causes the division of my attention and what I choose to focus on. According to Johnson and Proctor (2004), the function of attention helps us to be aware and conscious towards presented messages or objects and also choosing the actions according to the messages or objects. According to Margaret (2005), divided attention is one of the processes of attention which helped us react appropriately to each thing while paying attention concurrently to a few things at the same time, for example, watching television and understanding what is going on while having dinner and knowing what food it is while putting into the mouth. Hence, divided attent ion uses the split-span technique which breaks two full messages into two short messages that the memory span can register the information without rehearsing into the individual ears (Johnson Proctor, 2004). While selective attention is another process which overlooks the other messages while focusing on just one message and selective attention apply dichotic listening, a technique which the individual side of the ear receive two different type of messages (Johnson Proctor, 2004). Through reading these, it made me understand how I can focus on a few conversations at the same time and suddenly when the topic is on studies, I will focus on that conversation while ignoring the others. I look at the higher cognitive process in my experience, I tried to solve the problem from being unable to study and having low confidence to picking up myself and trying hard to study to scored during the GCSE. According Bransford and Stein (1993), the problem solving process has been described as a cycle that contains different phases but it is not required to be arranged in sequence, the problem solver must; 1) discover and be aware of the problem; 2) mentally classify the problem; 3) come out with a solution idea; 4) information rearranging of the problem; 5) solve the problem through designation of information though the psychological and the physical; 6) keep close observation of the process; 7) check for accuracy of the solution that is brought up. There are two different classification of problems; well-defined and ill-defined (Davidson and Sternberg, 2003). Well-defined problems are problems that provide a distinct direction towards finding the solution for is one that is ba sed on the given information, for example, calculating the price for each person from a receipt with a friend while the amount is stated (Davidson and Sternberg, 2003). However, ill-defined problems are problems that does not provides a distinct direction towards finding the solution and in order to make ill-defined problems observable, significant work of gather of information is need, hence, it is possible to generate a number of correct solutions from the generation of solutions by the ill-defined whereas well-defined problems can only generate one solution (Davidson and Sternberg, 2003). In my experience, learning how to overcome my emotional thoughts and not judging myself, are ill-defined problems that I had to find a solution to them in order for me to start a fresh. Success problem solving requires one to be well-versed in the field of study of the particular subject or issue as well as being a competent thinker, however having only prior knowledge does not ensure that the s olution will be found as the answers are usually unfamiliar and foreign to the problem solver, whereas thinking is required, in partnership with the prior knowledge, to help one to apply the known knowledge to the context of the problem (Ruggiero, 1998). Indeed, I gain success in starting fresh as a new person after I have grown older as I am able to think deeper and better and combine what I have learnt to solve the problem of me judging myself according to my academic level. In conclusion, the lower and higher cognitive process are two different cognitive processes which are linked processes that governs different things which helps us in daily activity like, thinking, perception, attention and problem solving. Through my introspection, I realised that my attention and perception which are part of the lower cognitive process, are both were exercised automatically and unconsciously occurring. However, when I looked into the higher cognitive process, I am required to exercise concrete thinking in order to come out with solutions to solve my problems and the think for ways to run away from my assignments as solutions and ideas will necessitate mental activity.

As Separate Peace Essay

It has connections between Genesis and the fall of man throughout the book underlining the main story. Genesis and the fall of man are used in the novel solely to understand human nature and the good and evil living inside everyone. Throughout the book the protagonist Gene, puts himself in a competition with his best friend and biggest enemy Finny. Finny is the perfect athlete and caries along innocence and pure thoughts of life itself and others around him. Gene and Finny both show representations of Cain and Abel as well as the creation of man with Adam and Eve. Much like Cain’s jealousy towards his brother Abel, Gene is very jealous and envious of Finny. Abel was the pure and honest brother who carried out all of Gods orders and pleased him very much, while Cain was the complete opposite. He was seen as rather corrupted and sinful. Gene, in this way, is portraying Cain because in the novel Gene realizes the strong hold that sin has on him and the strong hold on it has on his soul, and he says â€Å" It was just some ignorance inside me, some crazy thing inside me, something blind, that’s all it was† (183). Unfortunately, Gene becomes overpowered by his jealousy towards Finny just as Cain did towards Abel. Gene’s jealousy takes control of his mind and body when he finally realizes he will never be as perfect as Finny. He will never be as good athletically or he will never be as good morally and mentally either. Gene says â€Å"there never was and never could have been any rivalry between us. I was not of the same quality as he† (59). Which shows he knows that he will never win with Finny there. The pain of Gene knowing this makes him make a very unreasonable and ridiculous action that he regrets the rest of his life. Holding firmly to the trunk, I took a step forward and I jounced the limb. Finny, his balance gone, swung his head around to look at me for an instant with extreme interest, and then he tumbled sideways, broke through the little branches below and hit the bank with a sickening thud† (52). The story in Genesis of Cain and Abel is exceedingly similar to that. â€Å"Now Cain said to his brother Abel, ‘Let’s go out to the field. ’ And while they were in the field, Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him† (Genesis 4:8). These two incidents directly parallel each other and unveil much about human nature. When Gene finally admits to the realization that he will never beat Finny or get close to his level he subconsciously lets his jealousy kill the better man inside of him so what is left is an empty soul. The fall of Adam and Eve is also coinciding with Gene’s tremendous fall in the novel. In Genesis, the story of Adam and Eve is set in the Garden of Eden. In the garden there was no sin, suffering or pain. Everyone was happy and had everything they wanted. The one thing God told Adam and Eve was to stay away from the tree of knowledge of good and evil and to not eat the fruit from that tree, yet that was too much to ask. â€Å"When the woman saw the fruit of the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eye, and also desirable for gaining wisdom, she took some and ate it. She also gave some to her husband who was with her, and he also ate it† (Genesis 3:6). This sin had grave consequences such as â€Å"the eyes of both of them were opened and they realized they were naked; so they sewed fig-leaves together and made coverings for themselves† (Genesis 3:7). Gene’s sin had similar results from when he shook the tree and Finny fell, his life changed largely. The impact of his actions struck him extremely hard and at once he became ashamed and embarrassed of what he did, just as Adam and Eve were of their nakedness so they hid. Gene’s shame relates to the story of Adam and Eve but not just that, it relates to a large population of people today and this is the point Knowles was making and why he related his book to Genesis. As humans, people are automatically going to hide their transgressions behind something else and that’s just human nature. To be able to fully understand this novel you need to know about creation and the fall of man. In every human there is good and there is evil, it will come out at different times and one might overpower the other, but there is till both. Cain and Abel’s story, along with Adam and Eve’s story equally show how the evil overpowered Gene.